Apple of my eye

The apple of my eye is a phrase commonly used in English.

Meaning

The saying originally meant the central aperture of the eye, presumably because apples were the most common sphere-shaped object around. The apple and apple tree were also a sacred symbols for the early British peoples. This is reflected in such stories as the Island of Avalon (which literally means Apple Island). Now, this phrase is usually figurative, meaning something, or more usually someone, cherished above others.

Origin

It first appeared in Old English in work attributed to King Aelfred (the Great) of Wessex, AD 885, called Gregory's Pastoral Care.

hwæt on ðæs siwenigean eagum beoð ða æpplas hale, ac ða bræwas greatigað, forðam hie beoð oft drygde for ðæm tearum ðe ðær gelome of flowað, oððæt sio scearpnes bið gewird ðæs æpples.

The pupils of the bleared eyes are sound, but the eyelashes become bushy, being often dried because of the frequent flow of tears, until the sharpness of the pupil is dulled.

Shakespeare also used it in the 1590s when he wrote A Midsummer Night's Dream:

"Flower of this purple dye, / Hit with Cupid's archery, / Sink in apple of his eye".

It also appears in the King James Bible Translation from 1611:

Deuteronomy 32:10

He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as "the apple of his eye."

in the Book of Psalms 17:8

Keep me as "the apple of the eye", hide me under the shadow of thy wings

in Proverbs 7:2

Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as "the apple of thine eye."

Lamentations 2: 18

Their heart cried unto the Lord, O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night: give thyself no rest; let not "the apple of thine eye" cease.

as well as in Zechariah 2:8

For thus saith the LORD of hosts; After the glory hath he sent me unto the nations which spoiled you: for he that toucheth you toucheth "the apple of his eye."

The original Hebrew for this idiom was 'iyshown 'ayin (אישון עין), and can be literally translated as "Little Man of the Eye." This is a reference to the tiny reflection of yourself that you can see in other people's pupils. Other KJV translations of the word 'iyshown include "dark" and "obscure", as a reference to the darkness of the pupil.

This Hebrew idiom is surprisingly close to the Latin version, pupilla, which means a little doll, and is a diminutive form of pupus, boy, or pupa, girl (the source also for our other sense of pupil to mean a schoolchild.) It was applied to the dark central portion of the eye within the iris because of the tiny image of oneself, like a puppet or marionette, that one can see when looking into another person's eye.

The earliest recorded use in Modern English is in Sir Walter Scott's Old Mortality, 1816:

"Poor Richard was to me as an eldest son, the apple of my eye."

References

# http://www.phrases.org.uk
# http://www.idiomsite.com/appleofmy.htm
# http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-app1.htm
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=TbFKuaoYKFQC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&vq=pupil&output=html&sig=gGY71dAU7RqM63fd95E0mT0tVL4 King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care]
# [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0065-9711(1942)73%3C181%3ATAOTE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4 Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 73, 1942]