Earthworks (engineering)
- Earthworks (engineering)
Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving of massive quantities of
soil or unformed rock. Engineers need to concern themselves with issues ofgeotechnical engineering (such as soil fluidity and friction) and with quantity estimation to ensure that soil volumes in thecut s match those of the fills, while minimizing the distance of movement. In the past, these calculations were done by hand using aslide rule and with methods such asSimpson's rule ; now they can be performed simply with acomputer and specializedsoftware .Due to the massive amounts of material to be moved—millions of cubic yards in the case of large dams—earthwork engineering was revolutionised by the development of the (Fresno) scraper and other earth-moving machines such as the loader,
production trucks , thegrader , thebulldozer , thebackhoe , and thedragline excavator .Typical earthworks include roads, dams, dikes,
canal ,bunding , andberm s ("noise mounds").In
military engineer ing, earthworks are, more specifically, types offortification s constructed from soil. Although soil is not very strong, it is cheap enough that huge quantities can be used, generating formidable structures. Examples of older earthwork fortifications includemoat s,sod walls,motte-and-bailey castles, andhill fort s. Modern examples include trenches andberm s.ee also
*
Cut and fill
*Earth movers, construction/engineering vehicles used for earthworks civil engineeringExternal links
* [http://earthfilling.googlepages.com/Earthwork_volume.htm Finding Volume of Earthwork using Simpson's Rule]
* [http://www.softwareadvice.com/construction/sitework-excavating-software-comparison/ Earthwork Estimating Software Reviews]
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