Copyright Royalty Board

The Copyright Royalty Board is a U.S. system of three Copyright Royalty Judges who determine rates and terms for copyright statutory licenses and make determinations on distribution of statutory license royalties collected by the United States Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. The Board, made up of three permanent copyright royalty judges, was created under the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, which became effective on 31 May 2005, phasing out the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel system. These administrative judges are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. As of 2 September 2009, the board consists of James Scott Sledge (Chief Copyright Royalty Judge), Stanley Wisniewski, and William J. Roberts.^[1]

May 2007 webcasting royalty increase

On 1 May 2007 after 48 days of testimony leading to 13 288 pages of written testimony,^[2] the Copyright Royalty Board set new rates for webcasting for the License Period 2006-2010. The rates are higher than the then-existing royalties paid for non-interactive webcasting. One component of rate increase was to remove the "cap" on the per-station/channel minimum fee of $US500, which previously was $2,500.^[3]

The law requires rates to be based on the price that would be set by a marketplace of willing sellers and willing buyers. Much of the discussion centered around deciding issues like who would be the willing sellers. The Board decided that an individual record company was the basic unit of a "willing seller".

An issue that smaller webcasters raised was the desire to be assured that their fees would not exceed their revenue. The Board rejected this reasoning in their final decision because the ability of smaller stations to generate revenue from their operations has little or no bearing on the market value of the rights held by the copyright holders.

A coalition including National Public Radio and other webcasters joined together to request a rehearing on the increase in rates. On 16 April 2007, the CRB rejected the appeal on the grounds that no new evidence was introduced.^[4][5]

License fee rates

Commercial webcasters, per play, per listener rate^[6]

Year	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Rate (dollars)	0.0008	0.0011	0.0014	0.0018	0.0019

There is a minimum annual fee of $500 per channel or station, payable in advance, against the above per-play fees.

For example, under the 2007 rate, 100 unique listeners of a transmission of a sound recording will cost the transmitter eleven cents. The same 100 listeners previously cost a service a little over seven-and-a-half cents from 1998 through 2005. If a service plays an average of 15 songs an hour, and a listener listens for 9.1 hours a week (the average amount according to recent Bridge reports), the listener would cost the service $0.66 a month.

Noncommercial webcasters^[7]

Annual fee $500 per channel or station, up to a total of 159,140 aggregate tuning hours ("ATH") per month. After this, the per-play rate for commercial webcasters applies. etc etc.

See also

• Library of Congress
• United States Copyright Office
• Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel
• SoundExchange

References

1. ^ "Appointment of Copyright Royalty Judges — Special Announcement from the Librarian of Congress". http://www.loc.gov/crb/background/crb-judges.html. 
2. ^ "Mar 6, 2007 web increases". http://www.loc.gov/crb/proceedings/2005-1/rates-terms2005-1.pdf. 
3. ^ Jacqui Cheng (2007-03-20). "NPR fights back, seeks rehearing on Internet radio royalty increases". http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070320-npr-fights-back-seeks-rehearing-on-internet-radio-royalty-increases.html. Retrieved 2007-04-17. 
4. ^ Eric Bangeman (2007-04-16). "Internet radio dealt severe blow as Copyright Board rejects appeal". http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070416-internet-radio-dealt-severe-blow-as-copyright-board-rejects-appeal.html. Retrieved 2007-04-17. 
5. ^ Mark Hefflinger (2007-04-16). "Copyright Judges Reject Webcaster Appeals on New Royalty Rates". http://www.dmwmedia.com/news/2007/04/16/copyright-judges-reject-webcaster-appeals-on-new-royalty-rates. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
6. ^ "Mar 6, 2007 commercial rates on page 47". http://www.loc.gov/crb/proceedings/2005-1/rates-terms2005-1.pdf. 
7. ^ "Mar 6, 2007 non-commercial rates on page 61 and 62". http://www.loc.gov/crb/proceedings/2005-1/rates-terms2005-1.pdf. 

External links

• U.S. Copyright Office
• Copyright Royalty Board