- Quillaia
Quillaia is the milled inner
bark or small stems and branches of thesoapbark ("Quillaja saponaria", Molina). Other names include China bark extract, Murillo bark extract, Panama bark extract, Quillai extract, Quillaia extract, Quillay bark extract, Soapbark extract. It contains a high concentration ofsaponin s which is increased by processing; highly purifed quillaia is used to enhancevaccine s. Other compounds in the extract includetannin s,polyphenol s, andcalcium oxalate .The extract of quillaia is used in the manufacture of
food additives (E number 999). It is used as ahumectant in baked goods, frozen dairy products, and puddings and as afoaming agent insoft drink s. It also applied in some "natural" spray adjuvant formulations for agricultural uses.In particular the saponins from
Quillaja saponaria are used inveterinary vaccines asadjuvant (e.g.,foot-and-mouth disease vaccines, helping to enhance the immune response). Initially the crude fraction was used. Later on a purified mixture, called Quil A was developed by Dalsgaard which was more effective and caused less local side reactions. Still Quil A is a mixture of more than 25 different saponin molecules. One of them, the saponinQS21 , is being investigated for possible beneficial adjuvant effects on the humanimmune system .External links
* [http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v48je03.htm WHO report]
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