Ahmed Zaoui

Ahmed Zaoui ( _ar. أحمد الزاوي) is an Algerian member of the Islamic Salvation Front [ [http://www.nzrefugeeappeals.govt.nz/PDFs/Ref_20030801_74540.pdf Refugee Appeal No 74540] , Refugee Status Appeals Authority, page 34-35, 139, 171] . He arrived in New Zealand on 4 December 2002 where he sought refugee status. Objections from the Security Intelligence Service were withdrawn in September 2007, allowing him to remain in New Zealand. [ [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10463340 Zaoui: I never lost my faith in New Zealand] ]

Background

Pre 1991

Ahmed Zaoui was born as one of ten children in El Iridissia, in Djelfa Wilaya, and was the son of a Sunni Muslim imam. His family moved to the town of Médéa when he was young, and after completing high school, he enrolled in Mohamed Ibnsaoud University, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between the years of 1980 and 1985, gaining a Bachelor of Arts. He became engaged and married to an Algerian woman during this time. After returning, he took postgraduate studies at the University of Algiers and gained a position as an imam, and as an associate professor of theology at the University of Algiers.

1991-2000: Algeria and Europe

In 1991, Algeria held its first multiparty elections since independence. Ahmed Zaoui stood as a candidate for the Islamic Salvation Front or FIS. However, the government cancelled 1991 elections after the first round results showed that the FIS would win, citing fears that the Islamist party would end democracy. When the government then banned the FIS and arrested thousands of its members, Islamist guerrillas rapidly emerged and began an armed campaign against the government and its supporters which became the Algerian Civil War.

In 1993, Zaoui fled to Europe. He was tried and convicted in absentia by the Algerian government and was convicted of "establishing a terrorist organisation to destabilise state institutions and terrorise the population" and for "plotting against the state, criminal conspiracy, inciting armed rebellion and assassinations and destruction of property" in May 1996, and February 1997, respectively. Both convictions carry sentences of life imprisonment. [ [http://www.nzrefugeeappeals.govt.nz/PDFs/Ref_20030801_74540.pdf Refugee Appeal No 74540] , Refugee Status Appeals Authority, page 79-81] Disputing the reports from Interpol as incomplete, Zaoui claimed and the RSAA found that there were six life sentences against him, as well as two death sentences. [ [http://www.nzrefugeeappeals.govt.nz/PDFs/Ref_20030801_74540.pdf Refugee Appeal No 74540] , Refugee Status Appeals Authority, page 2] Human rights groups have criticised the Algerian trials for contravening basic norms of justice. [ [http://www.amnesty.org.nz/web/pages/home.nsf/dd5cab6801f1723585256474005327c8/13a9a8bc547ea16bcc256da30010d74f!OpenDocument Ahmed Zaoui: Freedom or Fair Trial] , Amnesty International New Zealand]

In March 1994, Belgium charged him with being "the instigator or the head of a criminal organisation" and two charges of using false passports. He was acquitted at his first trial but was convicted on appeal and received a four-year suspended sentence [ [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3562375 Tracing Ahmed Zaoui's trial in Belgium] , Catherine Field, New Zealand Herald, 24.04.2004] .

While still under a Belgian home detention order which limited his movements to the street he lived on, he travelled illegally to Switzerland. The Swiss authorities refused his request for asylum due to his ongoing political activities, and made a deal with Burkina Faso to deport Zaoui and his family there, while still providing Zaoui with a 1500 Swiss franc monthly allowance [ [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3198458 No refuge for a refugee] , Catherine Masters, New Zealand Herald, 01.03.2003] .

2000-2002: Travel to Asia then New Zealand

Zaoui left Burkina Faso and travelled to Malaysia with his family in 2000. He engaged in political activity with the FIS in exile.

In 2001 France convicted him in absentia for "participation in a criminal group with a view to preparing terrorist acts".

During his time in Malaysia, the head of the Algerian police services visited to observe Malaysian policing methods. Zaoui believed that this was a pretext, that the real reason was his presence in Malaysia, and that the Malaysian authorities were preparing to detain him. [ [http://www.nzrefugeeappeals.govt.nz/PDFs/Ref_20030801_74540.pdf Refugee Appeal No 74540] , Refugee Status Appeals Authority, page 91] He decided to leave Malaysia, and on December 2nd of 2002 he arrived in New Zealand via Vietnam on a fake South African passport.

Imprisonment in New Zealand

En route to New Zealand, Zaoui attempted to destroy his fake South African passport, and upon arrival, applied for refugee status. Although his identity was initially secret, his name was illegally leaked to the media, and he became the subject of political debate and media scrutiny.

His initial application for refugee status to the Refugee Status Branch of the New Zealand Immigration Service (RSB)was declined. Although he was recognised as having a well founded fear of persecution, he was excluded as the RSB held there was reason to believe he had committed serious criminal or terrorist activities, primarily on evidence given by the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service.

The SIS issued a Security Risk Certificate in March 2003. Mr Zaoui then requested a review of the certificate. While not made public at the time, in February 2004 the High Court ordered the SIS to release summary of its allegations to Zaoui's lawyers, who then released it to the media. The summary excluded classified information which the SIS was not required to disclose. [ [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3550613 Why Zaoui is being kept in prison - a summary] , New Zealand Herald, 23.02.2004] Zaoui's lawyers issued a point-by-point response to the summary. [ [http://media.apn.co.nz/webcontent/document/pdf/ACFUAAAAayEh.pdf Submission to the Prime Minister... in light of "Summary of Allegations and Reasoning" provided by the Director of Security on 27 January 2004] , Dr Rodney Harrison QC, Richard McLeod & Deborah Manning, 16.02.2004]

After his arrest, he was initially confined for ten months in the maximum security Paremoremo prison where he was placed on a "non-association regime". While Zaoui and his supporters' have characterised this as being in solitary confinement; this was dismissed as a ‘myth" by the Department of Corrections. However, in October 2003 his case was reviewed, and citing the "likely length of time before legal proceedings conclude", the Department of Corrections transferred him to the medium security Auckland Remand Prison where he was placed on a ‘normal association regime" [ [http://www.corrections.govt.nz/public/news/mediareleases/2003/20031016-zaoui.html Ahmed Zaoui transferred to ACRP following management plan review] , Corrections Department NZ Press Release, 16 October 2003] .

Refugee Status

In August 2003 the Refugee Status Appeals Authority declared both his Belgian and French trials to be "unsafe" and granted Zaoui refugee status. Commenting on the information available to them in order to evaluate Zaoui's claim, the RSAA stated that they "...were surprised at how limited it was and the questionable nature of some of the contents" and that "...it does not provide evidence that he has committed, directed or participated in any act of violence or terrorism that would require his being excluded under Article 1F from the protection of the RefugeeConvention." [ [http://www.nzrefugeeappeals.govt.nz/PDFs/Ref_20030801_74540.pdf Refugee Appeal No 74540] , Refugee Status Appeals Authority, page 208]

Political attention and cause célèbre

The case attracted considerable media and political attention. The New Zealand Government defended the treatment of Zaoui, and maintained they had information that he was a credible risk. In September 2004, Prime Minister Helen Clark's office stated that Zaoui had links to al Qaeda, but Clark later withdrew the claim, saying that her "office had probably gone too far in making the link" [cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3593148|title=VPM can't back up al Qaeda claim|journalist=Ruth Berry and Catherine Masters|publisher=New Zealand Herald|date=21 September 2004 2007|accessdate=] The New Zealand First Party attacked Mr Zaoui's claim to asylum, while the Greens challenged the processes that saw him imprisoned and at risk of deportation.

On 20 October 2004, many of his supporters participated in a launch of a biographical book in the Beehive foyer in Wellington.

In October 2005 Zaoui published "Migrant Birds", a book of 24 poems he wrote as a response to being imprisoned. The poems are in Arabic and English. A 25th poem, "He will come back, the one I'm waiting for", was called the most important New Zealand poem of 2004 by Emma Neale, editor of "Best New Zealand Poems 2004". [ [http://www.vuw.ac.nz/modernletters/bnzp/2004/introduction.htm Best New Zealand Poems 2004: Introduction] , Emma Neale, [http://www.vuw.ac.nz/modernletters/index.aspx International Institute of Modern Letters] , March 2005]

His case received attention from a number of celebrities and prominent New Zealanders. He was featured in the music video for Dave Dobbyn's "Welcome Home", and also appeared on stage with Dobbyn when the song was performed at the New Zealand Music Awards.

Bail

On 9 December 2004 the Supreme Court of New Zealand granted Zaoui bail. Despite Crown opposition, the Court allowed him to reside in the Dominican Priory in central Auckland. He was required to report to the Police twice a week and spend each night in the Friary between 10pm and 6am.

Withdrawal of the Security Risk Certificate

On 13 September 2007, the head of the Security Intelligence Service, Dr Warren Tucker, withdrew the Security Risk Certificate against Zaoui citing three main reasons:
#Mr Zaoui's cooperation in providing information to the authorities.
#Additional classified information which showed that his associates were involved in terrorism, but not Zaoui himself.
#The length of time he has been in New Zealand, and the length of time which has passed from the offenses he was convicted of.

The withdrawal of the security risk certificate means that the New Zealand Government has withdrawn its security objections to his refugee status, which was confirmed by the RSAA in August 2003. Zaoui was "thrilled and delighted," and stated that he was "...happy not just because my name has been cleared but because the whole system of security risk certificates can now be reviewed." [ [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10463340 Zaoui no longer a risk: SIS] , New Zealand Herald, 13.09.2007]

Prospects

On 29 September 2005 a referendum was held in Algeria which resulted in the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation, and gave amnesty to those jailed and convicted during the civil war [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4296474.stm Algerian voters back peace plan] , BBC, 30.09.2005] , and critics have maintained that he is free to return safely. However, Zaoui has been granted refugee status in New Zealand, and is free to stay in the country.

Zaoui has a wife and four children who had been living illegally in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia since 2000 until they joined him in New Zealand on 26 October 2007. [cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10472424&pnum=0|publication=New Zealand Herald|title=Zaoui family slip into Auckland] [cite news|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411365/1417344|publication=tvnz.co.nz|title=Zaoui's family join him in NZ]

A previous application for them to come to New Zealand was lodged in late 2006, but at that time, Immigration Minister David Cunliffe said it would not be appropriate while the status of Zaoui's security risk certificate was being determined. [cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10423026|publication=New Zealand Herald|title=Zaoui's family refused entry to NZ]

Publications

*"Migrant Birds" (2005) ISBN 1-877333-36-0,

References

External links

* [http://www.freezaoui.org.nz/ "Free Ahmed Zaoui" website]

;News stories
* [http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0707/S00174.htm The Ahmed Zaoui Case – The Gordon Campbell Series]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3559877 Terrorism and betrayal: the untold Zaoui story]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3601061 Zaoui party: high ideals and terror]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=9003448 Benefit for Zaoui may cost $10,000, says MP]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=10332554 Zaoui a reluctant celebrity]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3562375 Tracing Ahmed Zaoui's trial in Belgium]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3562471 Belgians convinced Zaoui involved with terrorists]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3562202 European lawyers deny Zaoui 'flaws']
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3561493 Judges loath to take up SIS position]
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=549&ObjectID=3560204 Naive Zaoui supporters ignoring evidence, says National]
* [http://www.corrections.govt.nz/public/news/mediareleases/2003/20031016-zaoui.html Ahmed Zaoui transferred to ACRP following management plan review]
* [http://onenews.nzoom.com/onenews_detail/0,1227,236505-1-8,00.html Fearful wait for Zaoui's family - Joffe Quote]