Boccia

Boccia (pronounced|ˡbɒtʃə , respelled|BOCH-ə) is a sport for athletes with a disability. Similar to bocce, it is designed to be played by people with cerebral palsy and other locomotor disabilities affecting motor skills. It is a Paralympic sport, played in over forty countries worldwide. Boccia is governed by the Cerebral Palsy International Sport and Recreation Association. It is a sport at the Summer Paralympic Games, first included at the New York games in 1984. It is one of three Paralympic sports that have no counterpart in the Olympic program.

About the game

Boccia can be played by individuals, pairs, or teams of three. The aim of the game is to throw leather balls - coloured red or blue (which side gets which is determined by a coin toss) - as close as they can to a white target ball, or "jack". The jack is thrown first, then each side takes turns to propel their ball towards the jack. The balls can be moved with hands, feet, or, if the competitor's disability is severe, with an assistive device. At the end of each round, or "end", the referee measures the distance of the balls closest to the jack, and awards points accordingly - one point for each ball that is closer to the jack than the opponent's closest ball. The team/player with the highest number of points at the end of play is the winner.

The number of ends and balls in each end depends on the side makeup. Individual competition consists of four ends and six balls per player per end, whilst paired competition is four ends and six balls per pair per end (three per player). Team competition is six ends, and six balls per team per end (two per player).

Classification

To be eligible to compete in boccia, athletes must be disabled as a result of cerebral palsy, or another neurological condition that has similar effects, such as muscular dystrophy or traumatic brain injury. Players are examined to determine the extent of their disability and then assigned to a sport class, designed to allow them to compete against other athletes with a similar level of physical function.

Boccia players are assigned to one of four sport classes: depending on their functional ability:
*BC1 - Players in this class throw the ball with the hand or foot. They may compete with an assistant to stabilize or adjust their playing chair and give the ball to the player when requested.
*BC2 - Players in this class throw the ball with the hand. They are not eligible for assistance.
*BC3 - Players in this class have a very severe physical disability. They may use an assistive device such as a ramp to deliver the ball. They may compete with an assistant; assistants must keep their back to the court and their eyes averted from play.
*BC4 - Players in this class have other severe physical disabilities. They are not eligible for assistance.

Competition

Boccia can be played on a recreational or competitive basis. Competitions are organized locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. The international competition calendar is based on the Summer Paralympic Games quadrennial, with international regional championships in the first year, world championships in the second year, world cup, in the third year, and the Paralympic games in the fourth year.

There are approximately 200 internationally-ranked boccia players. Athletes from 29 countries attended the 2006 Boccia World Championships, and 21 countries participated in the team competition. The Iberian countries have conquered most of the medals as both Portugal and Spain dominate the sport.

179 athletes from 24 countries and regions attended the 2007 Boccia World Cup during May 9-19, 2007 in Vancouver, BC, Canada [http://www.2007bocciaworldcup.com/] for their last opportunity for classification and achieve international ranking for the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. [http://www.fedmf.com/boccia/docs/CPISRA_Boccia_World_Cup_2007_Intent_to_register.pdf]

ee also

* Paralympic sports
* Boccia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
* Pétanque

References

* [http://www.cpisra.org/html/sports/boccia/boccia.htm Boccia at the Cerebral Palsy International Sport and Recreation Association]
*"CP-ISRA Classification and Sports Rule Manual, 9th Ed.", Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association, 2005.
* [http://www.paralympic.org/release/Summer_Sports/Boccia/ Boccia at the International Paralympic Committee]
* [http://www.bocciainternational.com/ International Boccia Commission]

External links

Associations

International

* [http://www.cpisra.org/ Cerebral Palsy International Sports & Recreation Association]
* [http://www.bocciainternational.com/ International Boccia Committee]

Australia

* [http://www.boccia.com.au The national website for Boccia in Australia]
* [http://www.cpaustralia.com.au CP Australia] CP Australia is a peak organisation of the major service providers for people with cerebral palsy in Australia
* [http://www.cpawa.com.au The Cerebral Palsy Association - Western Australia]
* [http://www.thespasticcentre.com.au The Spastic Centre - Sydney, Australia]
* [http://www.accessibility.com.au/paralympics/boccia Beijing 2008 Paralympic Boccia Information with an Australian slant from accessibility.com.au] .

Canada

* [http://www.ccpsa.ca/ Canadian Cerebral Palsy Sports Association]
* [http://www.cpalberta.com Cererbal Palsy Association in Alberta]
* [http://www.bccerebralpalsy.com/ Cerebral Palsy Association of BC]
* [http://www.cpsports.com/ SportAbility] (Cerebral Palsy Sports Association of B.C.)
* [http://www.cerebralpalsy.mb.ca/ The Cerebral Palsy Association of Manitoba]
* [http://www.ofcp.on.ca/ Ontario Federation for Cerebral Palsy]
* [http://www.ocpsa.on.ca/ Ontario Cerebral Palsy Sports Association]
* [http://members.shaw.ca/saskcpa/ Saskatchewan Cerebral Palsy Association]
* [http://membres.lycos.fr/apcqi/ Association de Paralysie Cerebrale du Quebec]
* [http://www.sportpc.qc.ca/ Association québécoise de sports pour paralytiques cérébraux]

Events

* [http://www.2007bocciaworldcup.com/ CPISRA 2007 Boccia World Cup]

Further information

* [http://www.accessibleportugal.com/revista/2007/january/sports.html Boccia Article] Article by Cátia Pinheiro in Accessible Travel Magazine, January 2007
* [http://www.gregpoly.com The official website of the Greek Boccia Athlete Greg Polychronidis no2 in the world BC3]