- Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey KG (1517 –
19 January 1547 ) was an English aristocrat, and one of the founders of EnglishRenaissance poetry.Life
He was born in Hunsdon,
Hertfordshire , England, the eldest son ofThomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk , and his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Stafford (daughter ofEdward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham ), so he was descended from kings on both sides of his family tree. He was reared at Windsor with Henry VIII's illegitimate sonHenry Fitzroy Duke of Richmond, and they became close friends and, later, brothers-in-law. He becameEarl of Surrey in 1524 when his grandfather died and his father becameDuke of Norfolk .In 1532 he accompanied his first cousin
Anne Boleyn , the King, and the Duke of Richmond toFrance , staying there for more than a year as a member of the entourage ofFrancis I of France . In 1536 his first son, Thomas (later 4th Duke of Norfolk), was born,Anne Boleyn was executed on charges ofadultery and treason, andHenry Fitzroy died at the age of 17 and was buried at one of the Howard homes,Thetford Abbey . That was also the year Henry — who took after his father and grandfather in military prowess — served with his father against thePilgrimage of Grace rebellion protesting the dissolution of the monasteries.Death and burial
He was imprisoned with his father by Henry VIII, who, consumed by his own paranoia, was convinced that Henry Howard had planned to usurp the crown from his son Edward. He was executed for
treason on19 January 1547 sentenced on 13 January 1547 (his father was saved from execution only by its being set for the day after Henry happened to die) his son Thomas became heir to the Dukedom of Norfolk instead, inheriting it on the 3rd Duke's death in 1554.He is buried in a spectacular painted alabaster tomb at
St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham .Marriage and issue
He married Lady Frances de Vere, the daughter of
John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford andElizabeth Trussell, Countess of Oxford . They had five children:
*Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (10 March ,1536 –2 June ,1572 ) married (1) Mary FitzAlan (2) Margaret Audley (3) Elizabeth Leyburne
*Jane Howard
* Margaret Howard, marriedHenry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton
*Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton
*Catherine HowardLiterary legacy
He and his friend Sir Thomas Wyatt were the first English poets to write in the
sonnet form that Shakespeare later used, and Henry was the first English poet to publishblank verse in his translation of the second and fourth books ofVirgil 'sAeneid . Together, Wyatt and Surrey, due to their excellent translations ofPetrarch 's sonnets, are known as "Fathers of the English Sonnet."External links
* [http://parsonsfamily.blogware.com/indiI1213.html biography, and poems]
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