- Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger
Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger (or Wilhelm von Haidinger) (
February 5 ,1795 –March 19 ,1871 ) was anAustria nmineralogist ,geologist andphysicist .He was born at
Vienna ; his father,Karl Haidinger , contributed largely to the development of mineralogical science in the latter half of the 18th century. Having studied at the normal school of St Anne, and attended classes at the university, Wilhelm, at the age of seventeen, joined ProfessorFriedrich Mohs at Graz, and five years later accompanied the professor toFreiberg, Saxony , on the transfer of his labours to the mining academy of that town.In 1822 Haidinger visited France and England with
Count Breunner , and, journeying northward, took up his abode inEdinburgh . He translated into English, with additions of his own, Mohs's "Grundriß der Mineralogie", published at Edinburgh in three volumes under the title "Treatise on Mineralogy" (1825). After a tour in northern Europe, including theScandinavia n mining districts, he undertook the scientific direction of theporcelain works atElbogen , belonging to his brothers.In 1840 he was appointed counsellor of mines (Bergrat) at Vienna in the place of Professor Mohs, a post which included the charge of the imperial cabinet of minerals. He devoted himself to the rearrangement and enrichment of the collections, and the museum became the finest in Europe. Shortly after 1843, Haidinger commenced a series of lectures on
mineralogy , which was given to the world under the title "Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie" (Vienna, 1845; tables, 1846).After the establishment of the
imperial geological institute , he was chosen director in 1849; and this important position he occupied for seventeen years. He was elected a member of the imperial board of agriculture and mines, and a member of theimperial academy of sciences of Vienna . He organized the society of theFreunde der Naturwissenschaften .As a physicist Haidinger ranked highly, and he was one of the most active promoters of scientific progress in Austria. He was the first to observe the slight
polarization dependence of the human eye, observed via the phenomenon now known asHaidinger's brush . Knighted in 1865, the following year he retired to his estate atDornbach near Vienna, where he died onMarch 19 ,1871 .In addition to the works already named, Haidinger published:
*"Anfangsgründe der Mineralogie" (Leipzig, 1829)
*"Geognotische Übersichtskarte der österreichischen Monarchie" (Vienna, 1847)
*"Bemerkungen über die Anordnung der kleinsten Teilchen in Christallen" (Vienna, 1853)
*"Interferenzlinien am Glimmer" (Vienna, 1855)
*"Vergleichungen von Augit und Amphibo" (Vienna, 1855)He also edited the "Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen" (Vienna, 1847); the "Berichte über die Mitt heilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien" (Vienna, 1847–1851); and the "Jahrbuch" of the Vienna KK Geologische Reichsanstalt (1850), etc.Some of those above papers will be found in the "Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh" (vol. x.) and of the
Wernerian Society (1822–1823), "Edinburgh Phil. Journal", Brewster's "Journal of Science", and Poggendorff's "Annalen".ee also
*
Haidinger fringe Notes
References
*1911
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