Acceptable daily intake

Acceptable daily intake

Acceptable daily intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (usually a food additive, or a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk. ADIs are expressed by body mass, usually in milligrams (of the substance) per kilograms of body mass per day.cite book|last=Lu|first=Frank C. |coauthors=Sam Kacew|title=Lu's Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs and Risk Assessment|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=2002|pages=364|isbn=0415248558|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9VcZmebxTScC&pg=PA364&dq=%22Acceptable+Daily+Intake%22&lr=&ei=KnlSSKeaH4T8swPErYjZDw&sig=E4-R6X3lK1FG1Oe3KEBWpV3uQWU]

This concept was first introduced in 1961 by the Council of Europe and later the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), a committee maintained by two United Nations bodies: the Food and Agriculture Organization FAO and the WHO World Health Organization.

An ADI value is based on current research, with long-term studies on animals and observations of humans. First, a No Observable (Adverse) Effect Level,cite book |author=Fennema, Owen R. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Food chemistry |edition= |language= |publisher=Marcel Dekker |location=New York, N.Y |year=1996 |origyear= |pages= p828|quote= |isbn=0-8247-9691-8 |oclc= |doi= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=u0Xx8-8_5EcC&pg=PA828&dq=%22Acceptable+Daily+Intake%22+%22No+Observable%22&ei=dKB4SP7lO6XOjgH2yKHqBw&sig=ACfU3U11QUgnC46ZtC4Y9CPE2E1AoVCYsg] the amount of a substance that shows no toxic effects, is determined on the basis of studies intended to measure an effect at several doses. Usually the studies are performed with several doses including high doses. In the case of several studies on different effects, the lowest NO(A)EL is usually taken. Then, the NOEL (or NOAEL) is scaled by a safety factor, conventionally 100, to account for the differences between test animals and humans (factor of 10) and possible differences in sensitivity between humans (another factor of 10). The ADI is usually given in mg per kg body weight per day.cite book |author=Mackey, Maureen A.; Kotsonis, Frank N. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Nutritional toxicology |edition= |language= |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Washington, DC |year=2002 |origyear= |pages= p258|quote= |isbn=0-415-24865-5 |oclc= |doi= |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=SBiWo6_RCJ8C&pg=PA258&dq=%22Acceptable+Daily+Intake%22+%22No+Observable%22&ei=dKB4SP7lO6XOjgH2yKHqBw&sig=ACfU3U1eccI0WXZW_yTshkPHvETFPF6sTg#PPA258,M1|accessdate=] Note that the ADI is considered a safe intake level for the healthy adult of normal weight who consumes an average daily amount of the substance in question.

The higher the ADI, the "safer" a compound is for regular ingestion.

The ADI concept can be understood as a measure to indicate the toxicity from long-term exposure to repeated ingestion of chemical compounds in foods (present and/or added), as opposed to acute toxicity.

See also

* Dietary Reference Intake

External links

* [http://www.ific.org/publications/qa/adiqa.cfm Questions and Answers about Acceptable Daily Intake]
* [http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/opa-edi.html US Food and Drug Administration's Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake/Acceptable Daily Intake Database for food contact substances]

Notes


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  • Acceptable Daily Intake — Dose journalière admissible La dose journalière admissible (DJA) (en anglais, Acceptable Daily Intake ou ADI) représente la quantité d une substance qu un individu moyen de 60 kg peut théoriquement ingérer quotidiennement (tout au long de sa vie) …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Acceptable Daily Intake — Die erlaubte Tagesdosis (ETD) (engl.: Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI) bezeichnet die Dosis einer Substanz, wie etwa eines Lebensmittelzusatzstoffs, Pestizids oder eines Medikaments, die bei lebenslanger täglicher Einnahme als medizinisch… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Acceptable daily intake — Die erlaubte Tagesdosis (ETD) (engl.: Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI) bezeichnet die Dosis einer Substanz, wie etwa eines Lebensmittelzusatzstoffs, Pestizids oder eines Medikaments, die bei lebenslanger täglicher Einnahme als medizinisch… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • acceptable daily intake — noun a measure of the amount of a particular substance which can be ingested daily over a long period of time without risk to human health; used of food additives, etc., rather than contaminants. Abbrev.: ADI Compare tolerable daily intake …  

  • Acceptable daily intake — Ac|cep|table dai|ly in|take [ekßạ̈ptibel de̱ili ịnteik; engl. acceptable = annehmbar, engl. daily = täglich u. engl. intake = Aufnahme] s; , s: erlaubte und für die Gesundheit unschädliche Menge eines Zusatzstoffs zu Nahrungsmitteln pro Tag; Abk …   Das Wörterbuch medizinischer Fachausdrücke

  • tolerable daily intake — noun an estimate of the quantity of a particular substance in food or water which can be ingested each day over a lifetime without posing a significant risk to health; used of contaminants, rather than deliberately added substances. Abbrev.: TDI… …  

  • Dose journalière acceptable — Dose journalière admissible La dose journalière admissible (DJA) (en anglais, Acceptable Daily Intake ou ADI) représente la quantité d une substance qu un individu moyen de 60 kg peut théoriquement ingérer quotidiennement (tout au long de sa vie) …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Dietary Reference Intake — The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. The DRI system is used by both the United States and Canada and is intended for the general …   Wikipedia

  • Допустимая дневная доза — (англ. Acceptable daily intake, также переводится как «допустимая дневная норма», «допустимая норма суточного потребления», «допустимое суточное поступление»[1])  такая концентрация вещества (различные токсичные соединения, пищевые… …   Википедия

  • Dose journalière admissible — La dose journalière admissible (DJA) (en anglais, Acceptable Daily Intake ou ADI) représente la quantité d une substance qu un individu moyen de 60 kg peut théoriquement ingérer quotidiennement (tous les jours), sans risque pour la santé. Elle… …   Wikipédia en Français

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