John Rodgers (American Civil War naval officer)

John Rodgers (8 August 1812 – 5 May 1882) was an admiral in the United States Navy.

Early life and career

Rodgers, a son of Commodore John Rodgers, was born near Havre de Grace, Maryland. He received his appointment as a Midshipman in the Navy on 18 April 1828. Service in the Mediterranean on board "Constellation" and "Concord" opened his long career of distinguished service, and he commanded an expedition of Naval Infantry and Marines in Florida during the Seminole Wars. In the mid-1850s he succeeded Commander Ringgold in command of the North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition, which added greatly to our knowledge of far eastern and northern waters. Following his promotion to Commander in 1855, he married and settled to work in the Navy's Japan Office in Washington, D.C., where he was serving when the Civil War broke out.

Civil War service

Commander Rodgers' first war assignment was to go with Commodore Louis M. Goldsborough to Gosport Navy Yard on April 20, 1861, where with other officers he was to remove Naval vessels and assets so they could not be used by the Confederates. Virginia had only just declared her secession from the Union. Upon arrival they found the yard in shambles, as Commodore McCauley had already ordered the vessels at Gosport scuttled, including the USS "Merrimack", since he considered the yard indefensible. Commodore Goldsborough made the decision to destroy the yard, and Commander Rodgers and Army Captain of Engineers Horatio G. Wright were given the job of destroying the drydock. They were thwarted in this attempt when the fuse was extinguished by water in the pumping gallery. Much-cherished rumors that the fuse was deliberately extinguished by a Confederate sympathizer are simply not true. Commander Rodgers and Captain Wright were captured by General William Taliaferro of the Virginia State Militia, but since Virginia had not yet joined the Confederate States, and was therefore not at war against the United States, Governor John Lecter returned the two officers to Washington.

Commander Rodgers was then sent to the Western Rivers, where he organized the Western Flotilla and supervised construction of the City Class Gunboats, the first ironclad gunboats on the western rivers. He was relieved by Captain Andrew Hull Foote, a more senior officer being required by the Navy to deal with the prickly Major General John C. Fremont. After blockading operations off of Savannah in command of the USS "Flag", he assumed command of the experimental ironclad "Galena" in April 1862, operating with distinction in the James River. He commanded the James River Flotilla, including the USS Galena, the Ironclad USS Monitor, and the 90-day gunboat Aroostook in an expedition up the James River in May 1862, which was stopped eight miles shy of Richmond by Confederate fortifications at Drewry's Bluff. The damage that the USS Galena suffered in the ensuing battle caused him to report, "We demonstrated that she is not shotproof", and made him disdainful of trying experiments in the fires of war. Thereafter he supported General McClellan's Peninsula Campaign with Naval bombardment, preventing Confederate forces from overunning the Army of the Potomac's position.

John Rodgers was promoted to Captain 16 July 1862 and took command of the Ironclad Monitor "Weehawken". After successfully navigating her from Brooklyn to Charleston through the same storm that sank the USS Monitor, he distinguished himself during the attack on Fort Sumter in May 1863, and in capturing the Confederate ram "Atlanta" on June 17, 1863. The latter service won him the Thanks of Congress and promotion to Commodore. Unfortunately, this was his last active service in the Civil War. After recovering from an illness, he took command of the Ironclad Monitor USS "Dictator". Design and construction problems with that vessel kept him occupied for the remainder of the war, though he earnestly desired a more active post.

Postbellum career

Commodore Rodgers then commanded the Boston Naval Station until 1869. He was elevated to Rear Admiral in December 1869 and given command of the Asiatic Squadron. In this post he ably handled diplomatic duties in addition to his naval responsibilities, although an encounter between the United States Navy and Korea in 1871 (Sinmiyangyo) was not exactly one of the shining moments in U.S. diplomatic history. Returning to the United States, he commanded Mare Island Naval Station and was Superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory. While serving in that post, Rear Admiral Rodgers died in Washington on 5 May 1882.

Commodore Rodgers' father was John Rodgers (1772–1838), and he was related to John Rodgers (naval officer, World War I) (1881–1926).

Two ships have been named in their honor.

References

* Robert Erwin Johnson, "Rear Admiral John Rodgers, 1812-1882". Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1967.