Petit verdot

Infobox grape variety
name = Petit verdot
color = Rouge


caption = Petit Verdot leaf
species = "Vitis vinifera"
also_called = Verdot (more)
origin = South West France
hazards =
regions = Bordeaux, Australia, Argentina, California
notable_wines = Château Palmer, Kingston Estate, Pirramimma

Petit verdot is a variety of red wine grape, principally used in classic Bordeaux blends.cite book
last = Robinson
first = Jancis
authorlink = Jancis Robinson
title = The Oxford Companion to Wine, third edition
publisher = Oxford University Press
date = 2006
location =
pages =
id = ISBN 0-19-860990-6. ] It ripens much later than the other varieties in Bordeaux, often too late, so it fell out of favour in its home region. When it does ripen, it is added in small amounts to add tannin, colour and flavour to the blend. It has attracted attention among winemakers in the New World, where it ripens more reliably and has been made into single varietal wine. It is also useful in 'stiffening' the mid palate of Cabernet Sauvignon blends.

When young its aromas have been likened to banana and pencil shavings. Strong tones of violet and leather develop as it matures.

History

Petit Verdot probably predates Cabernet Sauvignon in Bordeaux, but its origins are unclear. There are records of it in the eighteenth century,cite web | last = Radden | first = Rosemary | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Grapes and Wines of the World | work = | publisher = The State Library of South Australia, GPO Box 419, Adelaide SA 5001 | date = | url = http://www.winelit.slsa.sa.gov.au/grapeswines.htm | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2007-04-30 ] but its characteristics suggest an origin in much hotter climes than the Gironde.

Interestingly it is one parent of Trousseau (aka Bastardo), best known as a blending grape in Jura and as part of the port blend in northern Portugal. The other parent of Trousseau is Duras, a grape from the upper Tarn valley near Toulouse. It's possible that both were brought to the region by the Romans as they moved inland from the Mediterranean.

Distribution and Wines

Aside from the countries below, Petit Verdot is used as 'seasoning' in Bordeaux-style blends in British Columbia, New Zealand, South Africapage 515] and Spain.

Argentina

There are some blocks of Petit Verdot in Argentina, although for many years it was labelled as Fer.

Australia

Verdot was included in James Busby's collection of 1832, and it was trialled by Sir William Macarthur in the 1840s. In 2000 there was 1600 hectares in Australia with Kingston Estate in South Australia having the largest planting, four times more than in France.page 515] It is increasingly being used to make massive, brooding, single varietal wines that will age for several years - Pirramimma has championed this approach.

Chile

Chile had 137 ha in 2003.page 515]

France

Almost all the Petit Verdot in France is planted in Bordeaux, mostly in the Medoc where it is used in small amounts to give structure to the classic Bordeaux blend. However the late ripening means that in some years the entire crop is lost and it only properly ripens once every four years, so it has fallen out of favour, particularly with the trend towards earlier-maturing wine. Château Palmer is unusual in having up to 10% Petit Verdot in its blend, which helps stiffen the high proportion of Merlot in their wines. 1-3% is more usual.

USA

The profusion of Meritage Bordeaux blends has seen considerable interest in the variety in California, where there was 360 ha in 2003.page 515] The more consistent, warmer climate is a big help in reliably ripening the grape, and producers are starting to experiment with single varietals. It is also planted in a small way in Colorado, Texas, Virginia and Washington.page 515]

Vine and Viticulture

The leaves have 3-5 lobes with a distinctively elongated central lobe. The small, cylindrical bunches are winged, with small black berries.

The name Petit Verdot ('small green') refers to one of the main problems with the grape, that often the berries fail to develop properly without the right weather during flowering. It also refers to the late ripening which usually comes too late for the Bordeaux climate.

ynonyms

Bouton, Carmelin, Heran, Lambrusquet Noir, Petit Verdau, Petit Verdot Noir, Verdot and Verdot Rouge.cite web | last =Maul | first =E. | authorlink = | coauthors = Eibach, R. | title = Vitis International Variety Catalogue | work = | publisher = Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179 Bonn, Germany | date = 1999-06-00 | url = http://www.genres.de/idb/vitis/ | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2007-04-30]

ee also

* Bordeaux wine

Notes and references

Further reading

* Robinson, Jancis "Vines, Grapes & Wines" Mitchell Beazley 1986 ISBN 1857329996

External links

* [http://www.wynboer.co.za/recentarticles/1003cultivar.php3 Great overview] from a South African producers magazine
* [http://www.decanter.com/news/140404.html Petit Verdot on the rise in Bordeaux] from decanter.com