The Amazing Race 3

The Amazing Race 3
The Amazing Race 3
The Amazing Race logo
Season run October 2, 2002
– December 18, 2002
Filming dates August 9, 2002
– September 7, 2002
No. of episodes 11
Winning team Flo Pesenti & Zach Behr
Continents visited 4
Countries visited 12
Cities visited 40
Distance traveled 41,000 miles
(65,981 kilometres)
No. of legs 13
All-Stars Teri & Ian Pollack,
John Vito Pietanza & Jill Aquilino
Season chronology
Previous The Amazing Race 2
Next The Amazing Race 4

The Amazing Race 3 is the third installment of the reality television show, The Amazing Race. This season featured 12 teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world, making it the first season to have 12 teams. It premiered on October 2, 2002 and ended on December 18, 2002.

Friends Flo Pesenti and Zach Behr were the winners of this Race, with Flo becoming the first female winner in the race's history.

Contents

Production

Development and Filming

The third season of The Amazing Race had traveled across 4 continents and 13 countries, all of which were newly visited, unlike previous seasons. Filming began on August 9, 2002 and finished on September 7, 2002.

During Leg 3, Dennis and Andrew, the first father and son team on the series, won the Fast Forward, and yet still got eliminated on the same leg, marking the first (and only) time in the show's history that this has happened. This team received headlines before the season began due to Dennis being a conservative Southern Baptist and Andrew an openly gay cheerleader. Andrew later returned to blog on CBS.com's Return of the Racers for seasons 9, 10, and 11.

During Leg 4, Heather and Eve were the first team to arrive at the Pit Stop in Portugal, but they misread a clue that told them to walk to the Pit Stop rather than take a taxi. They proceeded to walk the rest of the way, but received a 7 minute time penalty for the advantage gained (the 2nd team arrived 7 minutes later), plus an additional 30 minutes. Since all of the other teams arrived at the Pit Stop less than 37 minutes afterward, Heather and Eve became the first team ever to arrive 1st at a Pit Stop but get eliminated. Heather & Eve later stated in interviews that one of the production crew traveling with them told them it was OK to take the cab, though production has stated that this is not true, and would be irrelevant in any case because the clues are not open to subjective directions.

During Leg 5, teams were required to drive marked vehicles more than one hundred miles from Portugal to the port in Algeciras, Spain. Four of the eight teams incorrectly fueled their cars using unleaded gasoline instead of diesel, causing the cars to become inoperable until they were drained of fuel and/or fixed.

During Leg 6, Andre and Damon were officially detained when their taxi took them far out of the way in Morocco and they encountered a local official who wanted to seize their passports. Andre and Damon refused, and the show's security team had to come help them out of the situation.

During Vietnam legs, all route markers were colored solid yellow instead of red and yellow. This was done to avoid confusion with the former South Vietnamese national flag, which is also red and yellow.

During post-race interviews during the premiere episode for All-Stars, Ian claimed that they were less than 2 minutes behind Flo & Zach at the finish line.

Cast

The cast of The Amazing Race 3 was increased to 12 teams and included Soccer Moms, Law School graduates, a Vietnam War veteran, and a set of model twins. Jill and her brother F.T. originally applied for Season 1. Later, her brother was killed in 9/11 and John Vito and Jill applied in remembrance of him.[1]

John Vito and Jill hosted a show that promoted Singapore tourism. [2] They were later selected to compete in The Amazing Race All-Stars with Teri & Ian. Teri & Ian received a letter from Flo & Zach during the mail-sorting Roadblock in Leg 4. To the surprise of viewers who remembered the chilly interaction between the top two teams on TAR3, the letter was very friendly and positive and Teri in particular expressed a great deal of happiness that it came from Flo & Zach. Ken & Gerard also contributed letters to John Vito & Jill (who were the 1st team eliminated before the 4th Leg) and Teri & Ian (which was not read on the air because the Flo & Zach letter was found first by Teri) were the 5th team eliminated in the 6th Leg. It's also assumed that Flo & Zach sent a letter to John Vito & Jill.

Zach later worked on NBC's production crew for the 2004 Summer Olympics.[3] He is now a camera operator for MTV and he was later married to Elyse Steinberg in Hopewell Junction, NY. Michael & Kathy also got married in Italy. They are now parents.

Aaron (of Aaron & Arianne) accidentally stumbled upon one of the Pit Stops of Season 6 while backpacking in Europe.

Flo and Drew got together romantically and are still going out with each other. They declined to race in the All-Stars because Flo thought the race brought out the worst in her, and also because she did not want to do the race without Zach (who was not asked to join All Stars).

This season also featured Gurmit Singh, who handed the clues during Leg 10 Detour. He stars in a Singaporean TV series called Phua Chu Kang. Miss Singapore Universe 2001 Jaime Teo appeared as the local greeter in Singapore leg.[4]

Marketing

This season had four official sponsors, Royal Caribbean International, Kodak, American Express and T-Mobile. Besides trips, Royal Caribbean provided prizes in vacation tours on each team arrives first in Pit Stop.

Awards

In 2003, this installment of the race won the inaugural Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality/Competition Program.

Results

The following teams participated in the Race, with their relationships at the time of filming. Note that this table is not necessarily reflective of all content broadcast on television due to inclusion or exclusion of some data. Placements are listed in finishing order:

Team Relationship Position (by leg) Roadblocks performed5
1 2 3 4 5ƒ 6 7 8ƒ 9 10 11 12 13
Flo & Zach Friends 2nd 5th 3rd 2nd 4th 2nd 1stƒ 2nd 5th 3rd 2nd 3rd 1st Flo 1, Zach 9
Teri & Ian Married Parents 9th 10th 9th 5th 6th 1stƒ 4th 3rd 4th 4th 1st 1st 2nd Teri 2, Ian 8
Ken & Gerard Brothers 1stƒ 6th 2nd 1st 1st 3rd 5th 4th 2nd 2nd 3rd 2nd 3rd Ken 3, Gerard 6
Derek & Drew Twin Brothers/Models 11th 1stƒ 1st 3rd 3rd 4th 2nd 1st 3rd 1st 4th6 Derek 7, Drew 4
John Vito & Jill Dating 5th 7th 7th 6th 4th 5th 3rd 5th 1stƒ 5th John Vito 4, Jill 3
Andre & Damon Cop/Fireman 7th1 8th 8th 4th 2nd 6th 6th4 Andre 2, Damon 3
Aaron & Arianne Lifelong Friends 3rd 2nd 4th 8th 7th 7th Aaron 3, Arianne 2
Michael & Kathy Long-Distance Dating 4th 4th 6th 7th 8th Michael 3, Kathy 03
Heather & Eve Law School Roommates 6th 3rd 5th 9th2 Heather 3, Eve 0
Dennis & Andrew Father/Son 8th 9th 10thƒ Dennis 0, Andrew 1
Tramel & Talicia Brother/Sister 10th 11th Tramel 1, Talicia 0
Gina & Sylvia Soccer Moms 12th Gina 0, Sylvia 0
  • A red team placement indicates that the team was eliminated.
  • An underlined blue team placement indicates that the team was the last to arrive at a pit stop in a non-elimination leg of the race.
  • A green ƒ indicates that the team won a Fast Forward clue. If placed next to a leg number, this indicates that the Fast Forward was available for that leg but not used.
  1. ^ Andre & Damon initially arrived 7th, but since they didn't follow the donkey route correctly, they were issued a penalty of 78 minutes and started the next leg in 9th. They then overslept an extra three minutes at the start of the next leg, while Dennis & Andrew and Teri & Ian are now departed 7th and 8th place.
  2. ^ Heather & Eve initially arrived 1st, but they took a taxi instead of traveling on foot to the Pit Stop as the clue had specified. However, they were returned along with the last team – Aaron & Arianne – and sat together with Phil. Heather & Eve were issued a penalty of 37 minutes. Aaron & Arianne were checked in and they were still in the Race, resulting in Heather & Eve being eliminated.
  3. ^ It is unknown whether Michael or Kathy performed the Roadblock in Leg 5. Their tally was not included.
  4. ^ During the leg, Andre & Damon had fallen so far behind that all the other teams had already checked into the Pit Stop before Andre & Damon even arrived at the Detour. When they finally reached the Route Marker, instead of performing the Detour, Andre & Damon were instructed to go directly to the Pit Stop, where they were eliminated.
  5. ^ An additional task in Leg 10 was presented to teams as a Roadblock but was aired as a miscellaneous task. This task is not included in the tally even though every team was shown having a particular member performing it.
  6. ^ Derek & Drew initially arrived 3rd, but had inadvertently skipped the Roadblock due to them not having followed a marked path from its starting point. They were forced to backtrack and perform the Roadblock, which caused them to fall to last place and be eliminated.

Episode title quotes

Titles for episodes are often taken from quotes made by the racers. The quotes are sometimes slightly changed for humorous effect.

  1. "What If Our Parachute Doesn't Open?" – Eve
  2. "This Seems Like The Path Straight To Hell!" – Arianne
  3. "You Always Just Forget About Me!" – Flo
  4. "Did You See How I Stopped It? With My Face" – John Vito
  5. "What Happens If I Slip? Am I Just Hanging Off A Cliff?" – Flo
  6. "I’m a Much Better Liar than You Are" – Flo
  7. "I’m Supposed To Be Indebted To Her For The Rest Of The Race?!" – Derek
  8. "This Is More Important Than Your Pants Falling Down!" – Ian
  9. "Why Did You Have To Take Your Pants Off?" – Flo
  10. "Don’t Try To Play The Moralist Now!" – Flo
  11. "They’re Slithering To The Finish Line Like The Rest Of Us!" – Ian

Prizes

Individual prizes were awarded to the first team to complete a leg.

  • Leg 1 - A seven night Caribbean vacation on Royal Caribbean's Voyager of the Seas cruise ship.
  • Leg 5 - Two Kodak EasyShare digital cameras.
  • Leg 6 - Two Kodak EasyShare digital cameras.
  • Leg 7 - Two Kodak EasyShare digital cameras.
  • Leg 8 - Two Kodak EasyShare digital cameras.
  • Leg 9 - A seven night Caribbean vacation on Royal Caribbean's Explorer of the Seas cruise ship.
  • Leg 10 - A seven night European vacation on Royal Caribbean's Splendour of the Seas cruise ship.
  • Leg 11 - A seven night European vacation on Royal Caribbean's Splendour of the Seas cruise ship.
  • Leg 12 - A seven night Alaskan cruise vacation on Royal Caribbean's Radiance of the Seas cruise ship.
  • Leg 13 - $1,000,000

Race summary

Route map
Destinations Legenda lotnisko.svg Air travel   Legenda kolej.svg Railroad   Legenda prom.svg Water travel   Bus-logo.svg Bus travel
Route Markers Detour.png Detour   RBlock.png Roadblock   F-Forward.png Fast Forward   TAR-pitstop-icon.png Pit Stop

Leg 1 (United States → Mexico)

The Angel of Independence monument in Mexico City was the first destination in The Amazing Race 3.

In this Fast Forward, teams were required to travel to Plaza Santo Domingo and search for a typist who was typing a clue for them. In this Detour, teams chose between Wings or Wheels. In Wings, teams must board a plane and climbed to an altitude of 10,000 ft (3,000 m). Then, each team member had to skydive in tandem with an instructor. When both team members landed, an instructor would give them their next clue. In Wheels, teams chose one of the donkey-drawn carts and, using a map supplied them, directed to a driver through a 7 mi (11 km) route marker course through a Mexican village.

Additional tasks
  • At the Angel of Independence, teams received a picture of a man named Pablo. Teams had to find him by looking at his location in the picture. Teams had to figure out he was at Zócalo.
  • At Hotel de Cortes, teams must find a desk and sign-up for one of three charter buses leaving the next morning two hours apart to an unknown destination.

Leg 2 (Mexico)

In this leg's Fast Forward, one team could choose to join the Voladores of Papantla.

In this leg's Fast Forward, one team had to travel to the Museum of Anthropology and find a group of performers called the Voladores of Papantla. Team members then had to climb a 100 ft (30 m) pole and swing around the pole to the bottom. In this Detour, teams chose between Horsepower and Manpower. In Horsepower, teams used a waverunner and searched a large area for the clue. In Manpower, teams used a kayak and searched a small area for the clue. In this Roadblock, one team member had to put on goggles and then jump into a lagoon and swim with a family of dolphins while searching for the next clue at the bottom.

Leg 3 (Mexico → England → Scotland)

Dunnotar Castle in Stonehaven was both the location of the Roadblock and Pit Stop on this Leg of the Race.

In this Detour, teams chose between Punt and Bike. In Punt, teams rowed a boat called a punt down the River Cam with only a pole and paddle to navigate the boat 1-mile (1.6 km). In Bike, teams must ride a tandem bicycle on a marked 6-mile (9.7 km) course through Cambridge. At the end of either Detour, they would retrieve the next clue from under a bridge. In the Fast Forward, one team travelled to the Duxford Imperial War Museum and had to maneuver a tank through a battlefield obstacle course. The first team to complete the task in 90 seconds or less would win the award. In this Roadblock, one team member had to compete in three traditional Scottish games. In the Caber toss, team members must throw a caber making a topple end over and having it land within the designated lines. In the hammer throw, team members had to throw a hammer so that it lands inside the box marked on the ground. In the shot put, they had a toss a heavy rock forward to the finish line. Once the rock reaches the finish line, team members would get their next clue.

Additional note
  • After the Detour, teams may take a charter bus to Scotland for one of three departure times leaving at 7:30 pm, 10:00 pm and 1:00 am the following day.

Leg 4 (Scotland → Portugal)

Torre de Belém in Lisbon was the site of fourth Pit Stop of this Leg of the Race.

In this Detour, teams chose between Old School and New School. In Old School, teams loaded a barrel of port wine weighing more than 90 lb (41 kg) onto a Portuguese boat, and helped to row it across. They then delivered it to O Muro restaurant in Porto. In New School, teams loaded crates of wine bottles onto one of the marked trucks and drove them to three different restaurants: Chez Lapin, Retiro dos Carvalhos, and Café Majestic in Porto. In both choices, teams had to get signatures to prove that they made the deliveries correctly. In this Roadblock, one team member had to enter one of the soccer goals and block one penalty kick from a teenage Portuguese soccer player. Once the referee has determined that the goal was properly blocked, the team would receive their next clue.

Leg 5 (Portugal → Spain → Morocco)

Teams landed in the city of Tangier, Morocco from Algeciras, Spain by ferry.

In this Detour, teams chose between Ropes and Slopes. In Ropes, teams had take one of the shuttle buses to Urse cliffs and rappel down 300 ft (91 m) to the shore below. In Slopes, teams hiked down a sloping trail to the shore below. In this Roadblock, one team member had to go to Dar Dbagh Chouara Tannery and search through 25 vats of foul smelling dye in order to find their next clue.

Additional task
  • At the start of the leg, the clue received at the start point instructed teams to find "What is the Westernmost Point of Continental Europe?" - refers to Cabo da Roca as their next destination.
  • At Viajes Flandria travel agency in Tangier, teams had to sign-up for charter busses departing one hour apart to the city of Fez. There is enough a room in the buses for only three teams each.

Leg 6 (Morocco)

In this leg's Roadblock in Marrakech, one team had to sell 5 bowls of escargot.

In this Detour, teams chose between Now You See It and Now You Don't. In Now You See It, teams chose a pair of horses and rode to a route marker that they are able to see. They would then dig for a clue painted on pottery which was hidden in the sand. In Now You Don't, teams choose a sand bike and rode to a marked flag that they couldn't see and found a clue etched on a stone. They could then make a "rubbing" of the clue onto a piece of paper. In the Fast Forward, team members had to look through piles of carpets in a carpet shop to find the one with the Fast Forward design on it. In this Roadblock, one team member had to team up with a local food vendor and help assemble his stall. Then they had to sell 5 bowls of escargot, at a rate of MAD5 each (about 47 cents) and the vendor would give them their next clue.

Additional task
  • The clue teams received following the Detour was written entirely in Arabic. The teams had to find a way to translate the clue before moving on.

Leg 7 (Morocco → Germany → Austria → Germany)

The Neuschwanstein Castle in Füssen was the Pit Stop for this Leg of the Race.

In the Fast Forward, teams had to find a surfer riding on the curls of the Eisbach River. Once they found him, they had to attract his attention and meet up with him to claim the Fast Forward award. In this Detour, teams chose between Sled and Skate. In Sled, teams took a bobsled down an Olympic bobsled track along with a team of bobsledders at speeds of 65 km/per hour. In Skate, teams went to an ice rink and had to run a skating relay with a pair of professional ice skaters. In this Roadblock, one team member had to ride a gondola half-way up, put on safety gear and descend 230 ft (70 m) to the ground on a rescue cable to get their next clue.

Additional notes
  • While most teams performed the entire leg into and back out of Austria, Flo & Zach took this leg's Fast Forward clue (located in Munich) and stayed in Germany, skipping Austria.
Additional task
  • At the Friedensengel, teams had to find a children's puppet called Kasperle. When they found him, the puppet would hand them their next clue.

Leg 8 (Germany → Switzerland)

Teams traveled to the Lindenhof in Zürich to find the clue that would lead them to a Detour task.

In this Detour, teams chose between Count the Money and Run the Numbers. In Count the Money, teams had to count a large amount of Swiss currency inside of a jar. In Run the Numbers, teams had to search the streets around Zürich to find three different numbers: The number on the metal head statue on the intersection of Sihlstrasse and Bahnhofstrasse,[5] the sum of the numbers on the north face of a clock on St. Peter's Church and the number of trees in Lindenhof marked with red ribbons. Both detour options gave the same number, which was used as a combination to open a safe containing the next clue. In this Roadblock, one team member had to "relive" the story of Swiss hero William Tell by using a crossbow to shoot an apple off a mannequin's head.

Additional Task
  • At the farm in Füssen, teams had to search inside of a large haystack for their next clue.

Leg 9 (Switzerland)

Teams visited the Château de Chillon in the city of Veytaux, only to encounter a Roadblock.

In this Fast Forward, teams had to find a cheese making cabin in Kandersteg and eat enough pieces of cheese from a wheel of cheese to completely reveal the Fast Forward award hidden underneath. In this Detour, teams chose between Extreme Swiss and Very Swiss. In Extreme Swiss, each team member had to walk onto a narrow red bridge and take the largest bungee jump in Europe 620 ft (190 m) into the gorge below. In Very Swiss, teams had to drive to a farm and chase after 75 goats. Each goat had a bell on its neck, but only some had keys in them. When they find a key, they could unlock their next clue. In this Roadblock, one team member had to assemble a Swiss army bike from a pile of parts with an identical bike to use as a reference. Once the expert has confirmed the bike has properly assembled, teams may ride their bikes to the next destination.

Additional task
  • At Gletscherschlucht, teams had to venture into the gorge and find a key to unlock one of the marked cars.
  • After the Detour and before heading to the teams' cars, they have the option to make one phone call to their family and friends back home using a T-Mobile phone. They had to complete the call before heading their next destination.

Leg 10 (Switzerland → Malaysia → Singapore)

At the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, teams had to convince a local to take their photo. Their next clue was found on the back of the developed photograph.

In this Detour, teams chose between Dry and Wet. In Dry, teams drove to the apartments in Choa Chu Kang which are located near several streets with similar, almost identical, names. Once inside, they would need to locate Unit #10-137 containing Singaporean TV star Phua Chu Kang. However, the elevators in the flat didn't stop at all floors, making it more difficult for teams to find the unit. In Wet, teams drove to the Singapore Zoo and had to find "Mermaids of the Sea". They had to figure out that they were looking for the manatee enclosure and had to swim through the pool to get the clue on the other side. In this Leg's Roadblock, which was shown on television as a miscellaneous task after the Detour, one team member also had to retrieve a clue from the middle of the Fountain of Wealth.

Additional tasks
  • At Jet d'Eau, teams received a flag representing their next destination country; teams had to use it to figure out where to go next.
  • At the Petronas Twin Towers, teams had to find a local and have them take their picture in front of the towers, using a Kodak EasyShare Digital Camera.
  • At the Ampang Park Shopping Center, teams had find a Kodak shop where they could develop their pictures of the Petronas Towers. The clue would be printed on the back of the photo.

Leg 11 (Singapore → Vietnam)

Teams traveled to Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam on this Leg.

In this Detour, teams chose between Easy Buy and Hard Sell. In Easy Buy, teams chose a sampan and rode it into a floating market looking for a vendor who sells water coconuts (called dừa nước in Vietnamese). They had to buy one at any price they could. In Hard Sell, teams chose a shoulder basket and carried fruit into the market area and attempted to sell the fruit for money. Teams had to raise 40,000₫ (dong VND - $2.50) by selling as much fruit as was needed. At the end, teams brought the money back to a woman who would verify their earnings and give them their next clue. In this Roadblock, one team member had to drive a cyclo and transport their teammate through a marked course, which included a ride on a ferry over Saigon River. Both team members could then run to the next pit stop.

Leg 12 (Vietnam)

The Imperial Palace in Huế was visited during this Leg.

In this Detour, teams chose between Basket Boats and Basket Bikes. In Basket Boats, each team member had to figure out how to cross a river in basket boats to the clue box on a nearby island. In Basket Bikes, each team member took a bicycle laden with dozens of shrimp baskets and had to travel down the street to the clue box, 1-mile (1.6 km) away. In this Roadblock, one team member had to climb onto a Vietnamese fishing platform and use a wooden winch to raise the fishing net out of the water. The clue was dangling underneath.

Leg 13 (Vietnam → United States)

Wailua Falls on the island of Kauai was the location of this season's final Detour.

In this Detour, teams chose between Quick Drop and Slow Walk. In Quick Drop, teams took a quick drop 160 ft (49 m) to the Falls below on a zipline. After the drop, teams have to swim to shore and followed the flags to the clue behind the waterfall. In Slow Walk, teams walked down a marked trail to the same clue. In the season's final Roadblock, one team member had to choose a totem pole and spin the animal faces so that they are ordered in the same chronological order that they appeared in the race. The totem poles featured donkeys (From leg 1 in Mexico), dolphins (From leg 2 in Mexico), horses (From leg 6 in Morocco), goats (From leg 9 in Switzerland) and manatees (From leg 10 in Singapore). When the animals are in the correct order, the mouth of the bottom of the pole opened to reveal the final clue.

Additional task
  • At the Puaena Point, teams must get a blessing from a traditional Hawaiian priest known as Kahuna, who would give them the next clue.

References

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • The Amazing Race — sometimes referred to as TAR, is a reality television game show in which teams of two people (with one exception), who have some form of a preexisting personal relationship, race around the world in competition with other teams. Contestants stri …   Wikipedia

  • The Amazing Race 14 — Season run February 15, 2009 – May 10, 2009 Filming dates October 31, 2008[1] – November 21, 2008 No. of episodes 12[2] Winning team …   Wikipedia

  • The Amazing Race 10 — Season run September 17, 2006 – December 10, 2006 Filming dates May 27, 2006 – June 24, 2006 No. of episodes 13 Winning team Tyler Denk James Branaman Continents visited …   Wikipedia

  • The Amazing Race 2 — Season run March 11, 2002 – May 15, 2002 Filming dates January 7, 2002 – February 3, 2002 No. of episodes 11 Winning team Chris Luca Alex Boylan Continents visited …   Wikipedia

  • The Amazing Race 9 — Season run February 28, 2006 – May 17, 2006 Filming dates November 7, 2005 – December 3, 2005 No. of episodes 12 Winning team B.J. Averell Tyler MacNiven Continents visited …   Wikipedia

  • The Amazing Race 8 — The Amazing Race: Family Edition Programa The Amazing Race Emisión original 27 09 2005 – 13 12 2005 Filmación 07 07 2005 – 31 07 2005 N.° de episodios 11 …   Wikipedia Español

  • The Amazing Race 19 — Le temple de Borobudur, en Indonésie, a été visité pendant la troisième étape de cette course. Autre titre francophone La course incroyable 19, Rallye autour du monde 19 Genre …   Wikipédia en Français

  • The Amazing Race 18 — Le village de Zermatt, ainsi que le Cervin, en Suisse, ont été visités pendant la dixième étape de cette course …   Wikipédia en Français

  • The Amazing Race 2 — Programa The Amazing Race Emisión original 11 de marzo de 2002 – 15 de mayo de 2002 Filmación 8 de enero de 2002 – 5 de febrero …   Wikipedia Español

  • The Amazing Race — Autre titre francophone La course incroyable, Le rallye autour du monde Genre jeu télévisé, téléréalité, aventure Création Elise Doganieri, Bertram van Munster Présentation Phil Koeghan Thème du générique John M. Keane Pays …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”