USS Stringham (DD-83)

The first USS "Stringham" (DD–83) was a "Wickes" class destroyer in the United States Navy during the World War I. [citebook|title=Lost Voyages: Two Centuries of Shipwrecks in the Approaches to New York|author= Bradley Sheard|year= 1998|publisher=Aqua Quest Publications,Inc.|url= http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1881652173&id=hixsMukWNEAC&pg=RA52-PA1&lpg=RA52-PA1&dq=%22USS+Stringham%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=nv1_0AdAHXOhEU3_Cf6sjYSWt5I|id=ISBN 1881652173] Later she served in World War II as APD-6. She was named for Silas Horton Stringham.

World War I

"Stringham" was laid down on 19 September 1917 at Quincy, Massachusetts, by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company; launched on 30 March 1918; sponsored by Mrs. Edward B. Hill; and commissioned on 2 July 1918, Comdr. N. E. Nichols in command.

Following commissioning, "Stringham" was assigned to convoy escort and antisubmarine duty through the end of World War I. Upon her return to the United States in 1919, she was assigned to Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 6 of the Atlantic Fleet Destroyer Force. Except for a six-month period from December 1919 to June 1920 when she was in reduced commission, "Stringham" remained fully active with the Atlantic Fleet until the middle of 1922. During that time, alpha-numeric hull numbers were adopted by the Navy; and "Stringham" was redesignated DD-83 effective 17 July 1920. On 2 June 1922, she was decommissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard.

World War II

She remained inactive until 1940, when she was apparently moved to the Norfolk Navy Yard for conversion to a high-speed transport. On 2 August 1940, "Stringham" was redesignated APD-6.

1940-1942

On 11 December 1940, she was recommissioned at Norfolk, whence she operated until mid-1942. Her duties consisted primarily of escorting coastal convoys from point to point along the eastern seaboard and to various bases in the Caribbean. On 18 April 1942, "Stringham", attacked an enemy submarine but could not confirm a kill even though heavy black oil surfaced soon after her attack. On the following day, she put into Norfolk and participated in amphibious exercises in Chesapeake Bay through the first week in July.

On 6 July, she got underway from Norfolk in company with a convoy bound for the Panama Canal. She transited the canal on the 13th, reported to the Commander, Southeastern Pacific, and continued west. After stops in the Society and Fiji Islands, she reached Espiritu Santo, in the New Hebrides, on 14 August. Two days later, she put to sea on the first of many resupply voyages to help bolster the marines clinging precariously to the beachhead on Guadalcanal.

The Guadalcanal campaign was unique among the amphibious operations conducted in the Pacific during World War II. Neither the United States nor Japan enjoyed the overwhelming naval superiority which in almost every other case ensured victory for the greater force. Relative equality made the naval forces of each side a constant threat to the supply lines of the other. Consequently, both sides relied upon the high-speed transport, converted destroyers like "Stringham", which were well armed for transports and fast enough to evade more powerfully armed warships. While the contribution of the larger elements of the American Fleet cannot be overlooked, the struggle for Guadalcanal was to a great extent the battle of the high-speed transport. "Stringham" and her sister APD's succeeded where their Japanese counterparts failed. They kept the marines supplied.

On 23 August, during "Stringham"s second run to Guadalcanal, a torpedo passed her close astern; and she immediately charged to the attack. She dropped 11 depth charges; forced the submarine to broach; and then lost contact. Although her crew thought at the time they had sunk the submarine, subsequent checking failed to verify their victory. Not long after her scrape with the sub, "Stringham" was ordered out to join the group of ships attempting to tow Blue (DD-387), torpedoed the previous evening, into Tulagi. The imminence of the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, however, forced that weak formation to abandon "Blue" and seek shelter. Accordingly, she went to the bottom at 2223 on the 23d. "Stringham" resumed her supply runs in the Solomons until 5 October, when she got underway from New Caledonia to return to the California coast.

1943

After six weeks in the Mare Island Navy Yard, she got underway for the South Pacific. Her return to action, however, was short-lived for—while operating in Pepasala Bay in the Russell Islands on 26 February 1943—a heavy squall forced her aground on a reef. In maneuvering clear of the reef, she was forced to back down to avoid a collision with "Humphreys" (DD-236) and damaged her starboard propeller. After emergency repairs at Tulagi, she was routed back to Mare Island, where she arrived on 16 April.

Over the next six months, "Stringham" advanced up the Solomons staircase with the American forces. In mid-August, she participated in the landings at Vella Lavella in the central Solomons. That operation cut the Japanese supply lines to Kolombangara and delivered vital air bases to the Americans. On 27 October, she and six other APD's, along with various smaller ships, put a force of New Zealanders ashore at Mono and Stirling islands in the Treasury Islands sub-group. November found her supporting the assault on Bougainville at Empress Augusta Bay.

On the day after Christmas, "Stringham" joined the American forces which outflanked the Bismarck Barrier at Cape Gloucester, near the western terminus of New Britain. From that position, they could move in two directions—west to pounce upon the back of the New Guinea hen or north to the Admiralties to isolate Kavieng and Rabaul. "Stringham" participated in one operation in each direction.

1944

On 2 January 1944, she supported the forces which landed at Saidor, New Guinea; and, in March, she assisted in the invasion of Emirau in the Admiralties. Between these two operations, "Stringham" helped land troops in the Green Islands, the northernmost subgroup of the Solomons, located between Buka and New Ireland.

During the spring of 1944, American military thinking focused increasingly upon the Central Pacific invasion route to Japan. Accordingly, "Stringham" returned to Hawaii with marines embarked; and both she and her passengers commenced preparations for the invasion of the Marianas. The initial waves of assault troops stormed the beaches at Saipan on 15 June. "Stringham" discharged her marines the following day and patrolled off Saipan throughout the Battle of the Philippine Sea on 19 and 20 June. On 22 June, Underwater Demolition Team (UDT) 7 shifted to her from "Brooks" (APD-10) for the Tinian phase of the Marianas operation. Until the landings, the high-speed transport conducted sporadic bombardment and harassment fire on Tinian. On 10 July, she sent her UDT men ashore to reconnoiter the two potential landing sites; and, just before the actual assault began on 24 July, her frogmen participated in a daylight feint at Tinian Town to divert Japanese attention from the actual landing sites. On the 28th, she completed her work with UDT 7 in the Marianas and headed for Espiritu Santo, via Eniwetok Atoll.

"Stringham", was at Purvis Bay, Florida Island, in the midst of exercises preparatory to the invasion of the Palaus when UDT 7 rejoined her on 5 September. By the 12th, she and her frogmen were off the coast of Angaur with Task Group 32.5. At 1035, she disembarked the UDT men at Peleliu to clear a path through heavy minefields. That afternoon, she towed "Afoa" (DD-343) to Kossol Passage, then returned to work with the UDT teams until 27 September, when she headed for Manus. There she was moored alongside "Clemson" (APD-31). On the night of 3 October, a fire broke out on "Clemson" and swept across "Stringham" amidships and aft, igniting the UDT teams' rubber boats and bags of explosives. "Stringham" drifted from her moorings after the lines were cut, and her crew finally got the fire under control.

1945

"Stringham" returned to the United States for overhaul, repairs, and alterations. She did not return to the western Pacific until 17 March 1945. She joined the southern defense group at Saipan and sortied with it for Okinawa on 26 March. The high-speed transport arrived off Okinawa on 2 April, the day following the initial assault, and screened the transport area until 7 April, when she headed for Guam. During that time, "Stringham" took two kamikazes under fire, one on 3 April and one on 6 April. The former succeeded in crashing LST-599 while the latter gave up his plunge in the face of "Stringham"s heavy antiaircraft fire, dove on a destroyer, but missed both American ships.

"Stringham" screened another convoy from Guam to the Ryukyus, reaching Okinawa on 22 April. She remained in the vicinity for five relatively uneventful days; then headed back to Guam. On this voyage, she rendered assistance to the hospital ship, "Comfort" (AH-6), which had been crashed by a Japanese suicide plane. "Comfort" was able to resume course without assistance, but "Stringham" shepherded her until relieved by "Wickes" (DD-578).

While at Guam, "Stringham" was rammed by "La Vallette" (DD-448), a battle casualty. The APD's starboard side was damaged, as was her bridge, her forward crew's compartment, and much of her electrical equipment. Because of this, "Stringham" was ordered back to San Diego for extensive repairs. On 19 June, she entered San Diego and began conversion back to a destroyer; and, on 25 June, she resumed her former designation, DD-83. In August, the end of the war brought a halt to "Stringham"s conversion. Later that month, it was determined that she would be decommissioned at Philadelphia. In September, she sailed from San Diego, transited the Panama Canal, and proceeded to Philadelphia, where she reported for duty to the Commandant, 4th Naval District, on 26 September. She was decommissioned on 9 November 1945, and her name was struck from the Navy list on 5 December 1945. "Stringham" was scrapped at Philadelphia in March 1946.

"Stringham" was awarded nine battle stars for World War II service.

See also

* USS "Stringham" for other ships of this name
* List of United States Navy destroyers
* List of ship launches in 1917
* List of ship commissionings in 1918
* List of ship decommissionings in 1945

References

*DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/s19/stringham-ii.htm

External links

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-s/dd83.htm Photos]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/083.htm NavSource Photos]