Acid-base homeostasis
- Acid-base homeostasis
Acid-base homeostasis is the part of
human homeostasis concerning the proper balance betweenacid s and bases, in other words thepH . The body is very sensitive to its pH level. Outside the range of pH that is compatible with life,protein s are denatured and digested,enzyme s lose their ability to function, and the body is unable to sustain itself.Mechanism
Gains and losses of acid and base must be balanced. The study of the acid-base reactions in the body is
acid base physiology .Buffering agents
Any substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen ions is called a
buffering agent . They function to impede any change in pH. Hydrogen ions are buffered by extracellular (e.g.,bicarbonate ,ammonia ) and intracellularbuffering agent s (includingprotein s andphosphate ). The buffering ability of plasma acts as an immediate defense against pH imbalance.Active regulation
A short term method of compensating for acid-base imbalance involves regulating ventilation rate. By changing the ventilation rate, the body can alter the concentration of
carbon dioxide in the blood, which alters the pH. In the long term, thekidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis by altering the excretion of excess acid or base.ee also
*
Acid-base imbalance
*Acid-base physiology
*Acidosis
*Alkalosis
*Mixed disorder of acid-base balance
*Renal physiology External links
* [http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ABindex.php On-line text at AnaesthesiaMCQ.com]
*
* [http://www2.kumc.edu/ki/physiology/course/nine/9_1.htm Overview at kumc.edu]
* [http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/nephrology/presentation/presentation4.htm Overview at mcgill.ca]
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