- Schizophyllum commune
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Schizophyllum commune 
Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division: Basidiomycota Class: Basidiomycetes Order: Agaricales Family: Schizophyllaceae Genus: Schizophyllum Species: S. commune Binomial name Schizophyllum commune
FriesSynonyms Agaricus alneus L., (1755)
Agaricus alneus Reichard, (1780)
Agaricus multifidus Batsch, (1786)
Apus alneus (L.) Gray, (1821)
Merulius alneus (L.) J.F. Gmel., (1792)
Merulius alneus (Reichard) Schumach., (1803)
Merulius communis (Fr.) Spirin & Zmitr., (2004)
Schizophyllum alneum J. Schröt., (1889)
Schizophyllum alneum (Reichard) Kuntze, (1898)
Schizophyllum commune var. multifidum (Batsch) Cooke, (1892)
Schizophyllum multifidum (Batsch) Fr., (1875)Schizophyllum commune Mycological characteristics
pores on hymenium 
cap is offset
or indistinct
hymenium is decurrent 
lacks a stipe 
spore print is white 
ecology is saprotrophic 
edibility: inedible
Schizophyllum commune is a very common species of mushroom in the genus Schizophyllum. It is the world's most widely distributed mushroom, occurring on every continent except Antarctica.[1]Although European and US guidebooks list it as inedible, this is apparently due to differing standards of taste rather than known toxicity, being regarded with little culinary interest due to its tough texture. S. commune is, in fact, edible and widely consumed in Mexico and elsewhere in the tropics [2]. The authors explain the preference for tough, rubbery mushrooms in the tropics as a consequence of the fact that tender, fleshy mushrooms quickly rot in the hot humid conditions there, making their marketing problematic.
The gills, which produce basidiospores on their surface split when the mushroom dries out, earning this mushroom the common name Split Gill. It has more than 28,000 sexes.[1]
It is common in rotting wood, but can also cause disease in humans.[3]
Hydrophobin was first isolated from Schizophyllum commune.
Contents
Description
The cap is shell-shaped, with the tissue concentrated at the point of attachment, resembling a stem. It is often wavy and lobed, with a rigid margin when old. It is tough, felty and hairy, and slippery when moist. It is greyish white and up to 4 cm in diameter. The gills are pale reddish or grey, very narrow with a longitudinal split edge which becomes inrolled when wet; the only knows fungus with spit gills that are capable of retracting by movement. It is found predominantly from autumn to spring on dead wood, in coniferous and deciduous forest.
Genetics
The genome of Schizophyllum commune was sequenced in 2010.[4]
References
- ^ a b "Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for February 2000"
- ^ Ruán-Soto et al. (2006), "Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico" (Free full text), Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2 (3), http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/2/1/3
- ^ Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am (Jul 1999), "Developments in Fungal Taxonomy" (Free full text), Clinical microbiology reviews 12 (3): 454–500, ISSN 0893-8512, PMC 100249, PMID 10398676, http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10398676
- ^ Robin A Ohm,; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E et al. (Jul 2010), "Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune", Nature Biotechnology 28 (9): 957–63, doi:10.1038/nbt.1643, PMID 20622885, http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/nbt.1643.html
External links
- "Schizophyllum commune", MykoWeb
External identifiers for Schizophyllum commune EOL 1017353 Also found in: Wikispecies Categories:- Agaricales
- Plant pathogens and diseases
- Fungi of North America
- Fungi of South America
- Fungi of Europe
- Fungi of Asia
- Fungi of Africa
- Fungi of Australia
- Sequenced genomes
- Plant disease stubs
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