- Töregene Khatun
Töregene Khatun ( ?–1265 ) was a very high rankingKhatun and ruled asregent of theMongol Empire from the death of her husbandÖgedei Khan in 1241 until the election of her eldest sonGüyük Khan in 1246. She was effectively the Great Khatun (female version of "Great Khan") of the Mongol Empire as temporary successor of Ogedei Khan at his death.She was effective in the exercise of power in a society that was traditionally led only by men. She managed to balance the various competing powers within the empire, and even within the extended family of the descendants of
Genghis Khan , over a 5 year period in which she not only ruled the empire, but set the stage for the ascension of her son Güyük as Great Khan.Soon after Ogodei died in 1241, Toregene assumed complete power as regent and dismissed her late husband's ministers and replaced them with her own, the most important of whom was another woman, Fatima, a Tajik or Persian captive from the Middle Eastern campaign.
The Mongols practiced
polygamy . Ögedei Khan's favorite son was Kochu, who was his through another wife, and he had nominated Kochu's son Siremun to succeed him. Töregene opposed the choice in favor of Güyük, but despite the enormous influence she had on him, she was unable to persuade Ögedei to change his selection. She did, however, achieve her aims through cunning. When the lesser khans appointed her regent after her husband's death, she appointed her favorites to high positions in the imperial household and initiated what was to be a successful scheme to elevate her son Güyük. She managed to keep aKurultai from being held until it was sure her son Güyük was favored by the majority.During Toregene's reign, foreign dignitaries arrived from the distant corners of the empire to her capital at
Karakorum or to her nomadic imperial camp.Emir s,governor s andgrandees jostled along the same roads as princes and kings.The
Seljuk sultan came from Turkey — as did representatives of theCaliph ofAbbasid inBaghdad . So did two claimants to the throne of Georgia:David Ulu , the legitimate son of the late king — andDavid Narin , the illegitimate son of the same king.The highest-ranking European delegate was
Alexander Nevsky 's father, Grand PrinceYaroslav II Vsevolodovich ofVladimir andSuzdal , who died suspiciously just after dining with Toregene Khatun.Toregene passed power onto to her inept son
Guyuk in 1246, but within 18 months, he lay dead under still unexplained circumstances. In the continuing political struggles at the center of the empire, the fringes began to unravel.References
* [http://www.theglobalist.com/DBWeb/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=4601 Jack Weatherford - The Women Who Ruled the Mongol Empire]
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