Louis Bernacchi

Louis Charles Bernacchi (8 November, 1876 – 24 April, 1942), a physicist and astronomer, is best known for his role in several expeditions to the Antarctic.

Early life

Bernacchi was born in Belgium and educated in Hobart Tasmania, after the migration of his parents. His father Angelo Bernacchi established a vineyard on Maria Island in 1884. He trained in astronomy at the Melbourne Observatory.

Polar exploration

He joined Carstens Borchgrevink's Southern Cross expedition (1898-1900) which wintered at Cape Adare, Antarctica, joining the expedition in New Zealand after the previous physicist candidate had been rejected on medical grounds. The expedition was the first to spend the winter in the Antarctic and the first to sledge towards the South Pole. He wrote a book about the expedition "To the south polar regions: expedition of 1898-1900" published in 1900. [ [http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/physics/P001408p.htm Physics in Australia to 1945 - BERNACCHI, Louis Charles ] at www.asap.unimelb.edu.au] His granddaughter Janet Crawford has edited a version of his diaries from the expedition under the title "The First Antarctic Winter: The story of the Southern Cross Expedition of 1898-1900". [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/printpage/0,5942,3867957,00.html]

He was again a physicist on the Discovery expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott (1901-1904). Bernacchi was the only man on this expedition who had previously been to the Antarctic. During the trip, he made extensive magnetic observations. Following the trip, Bernacchi was awarded the Royal Geographical Society and King's Antarctic Medal as well as the Légion d'honneur. Scott was the best man at Bernacchi's marriage in 1906 in England and invited him to participate in his ill-fated second expedition but Bernacchi declined due to family commitments.

ubsequent career

Following two short expeditions to Africa and the upper Amazon Basin in Peru, Bernacchi made two unsuccessful attempts to run for the House of Commons as a Liberal Party candidate, standing in Widnes in 1910. He also invested in rubber plantations in Malaya, Java and Borneo.

During World War I, he served subsequently in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, the Admiralty and the United States Navy. In 1919, he received both an Order of the British Empire and the United States Navy Cross. Following the war, he returned to his interests in rubber.

He remained active in scientific organisations, most notably the Royal Geographical Society, serving as a council member between 1928 and 1932. Bernacchi planned his own expedition to the Antarctic in 1925, but failed to raise sufficient funds. In 1930, he organised the British Polar Expedition and helped to organise the Second International Polar Year in 1932.

Bernacchi wrote a number of books on the Antarctic including a biography of Lawrence Oates called "A Very Gallant Gentleman" published in 1933 and "Saga of the Discovery" in 1938. In World War II, he returned to the Royal Naval Reserve Volunteers before his death in 1942.

Commemoration

Two landmarks in Antarctica are named after him: Bernacchi Head, on Frankland Island and Bernacchi Bay, on the coast of Victoria Land. [ [http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/bernacchi_louis.htm Louis Bernacchi - Biographical notes ] at www.coolantarctica.com]

In 2001, Australia Post issued a postal stamp in honour of the 100th anniversary of Australia's involvement in Antarctic exploration. ("The Hobart Mercury", "Antarctica a sticking point" 17 May 2001 page 13) The Premier of Tasmania, Jim Bacon, unveiled sculptures of Bernacchi and fellow explorers at Sullivan's Cove. ("The Hobart Mercury", "Sculpting a piece of Antarctic history" 11 September 2002)

Writings

* The South polar times. London: Smith, Elder & co., 1907-1914. (Volume 2 editor.) An exact reproduction of the South polar times originally issued during the Antarctic expeditions of Robert F. Scott.
* Saga of the "Discovery". London: Glasgow, Blackie and son, Ltd. [1938]
* To the south polar regions: expedition of 1898-1900. By Louis Bernacchi; introduction by D.W.H. Walton. Denton, Harleston, Norfolk: Bluntisham Books : Erskine Press, 1991. ISBN 1852970359
* A very gallant gentleman. London: T. Butterworth, ltd. [1933] .
* That first Antarctic winter : the story of the Southern Cross Expedition of 1898-1900 as told in the diaries of Louis Charles Bernacchi / written and edited by Janet Crawford. Christchurch, N.Z.: South Latitude Research Ltd., in association with P.J. Skellerup, c1998. ISBN 047304966X

References

* "Saga of the Discovery", 1938, ISBN 1-871510-22-8
* [http://www.southmagneticpole.org.au/LouisBernacchi.html "Bernacchi the Physicist"]
* "Louis Bernacchi" "Australian Dictionary of Biography" Volume 7 "Melbourne University Press" published 1979 pages 275-276
* [http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001408b.htm University of Melbourne biography]
* [http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/physics/P001408p.htm "Physics in Australia to 1945" biography]