Middle Magdalena Bloc of the FARC-EP

The Middle Magdalena Bloc of the FARC-EP (Spanish: Magdalena Medio Front) is a FARC-EP bloc, notable for its involvement in the conflict with the AUC until the latter's demobilization in 2004. Since then, it has become one of the Colombian army's biggest worries, as citizens of these areas are claiming that the FARC are once again gaining control over the territory.^{[citation needed]}

The specific divisions of the group are arguable. Because of the current conflict existing in the country, much of the information recovered is conflicting and should not be taken as absolutely reliable. Some of the believed divisions or 'fronts', as they are commonly called, are shown below. It is worth noting that many of these fronts sometimes work together towards a certain mission, while others are further divided into 'columns' and 'companies' with a smaller number of members. For more general information see FARC-EP Chain of Command.

Commanders

Alias	Name	Note
Pastor Alape	Félix Antonio Muñoz Lascarro [1]
"Juan Carlos"		Killed in 2006. [2]

4th Front

It is composed by up to 100 combatants and operates mostly in the Antioquia Department (Municipalities of Zaragoza, Segovia, Remedios, Amalfi, Vegachí, Yalí, Yondó and Maceo). Its current leadership has not been identified since its main leader was killed outside of combat in 2006.

Alias	Name	Note
"Nicolás"		Murdered in 2006. [3]
"Juan"		Handed himself in and demobilized in August 2010. [4]
"Edward"		Handed himself in and demobilized in August 2010. [5]
"Deisy"		Handed himself in and demobilized in August 2010. [6]
"Andrea"		Handed himself in and demobilized in August 2010. [7]

11th Front

Also known as the José Antonio Anzoategui Front, it is composed by up to 60 combatants and operates mostly in the Boyacá Department. Its leader, who also commanded the 23rd front, was killed in combat in 2006.

Alias	Name	Note
"Wálter"		Killed in 2006. [8]

12th Front

Also known as the José Antonio Galán Front, this front was composed by 90 combatants and was mostly active in the 1980s, giving "protection" to the large emerald dealers of the country.

Alias	Name	Note
"Nicolas"		Killed in 2008. [9]

20th Front

This front is composed by up to 190 combatants and operates in the Bolívar Department,^[10] Cesar, Santander, and Norte de Santander Departments. Its current leadership is unclear.

Alias	Name	Note
Leonardo Patiño	Nestor Arturo Hincapié	Killed in 2006. [11]
Ernesto 45	Nelson Sierra Rivera	Killed in 2004. [12]
Diomedes, El Guajiro	José del Carmen Hoyos Macías	Arrested in September 2010. [13] [14]

• Includes the 29 de Mayo Company, which was also under the leadership of Ernesto 45.

23rd Front

Also known as the Policarpa Salavarrieta Front, it is composed by up to 60 combatants and operates mostly in the Santander Department and Boyacá Department. Its leader, who also commanded the 11th front, was killed in combat in 2006.

Alias	Name	Note
"Wálter"		Killed in 2006. [8]
"Nelsón"	Carlos Peñalosa Medina	Killed in 2005. [15]
"the Butcher of Landazuri" or "Chaparro"	Carlos Iván Peña Orjuela	Arrested in September 2009. [16]

24th Front

It is composed by up to 200 combatants and operates mostly in the Santander Department and the Bolívar Department. Its current leader is not known. Believed be bloc commander Pastor Alape's front.

Alias	Name	Note
"Iván Vargas"	Jorge Enrique Rodríguez	Arrested in 2004. [17] and extradited to the United States.[18]
"Rubiel Colorado"		Killed in April 2010.
"Erica"		Killed in April 2010.
"Dubán","Duván"		Killed in April 2010.
"Pipón"	Israel Díaz Hernández	Arrested in April 2011.[19]

33rd Front

Also known as the Mariscal Sucre Front, it is composed by up to 250 combatants and operates mostly in the Norte de Santander Department. Eleven of its members were killed on October 10th, 2011^[20].

Alias	Name	Note
El Negro Eliécer[21]
"Rubén Zamora" [22]
"El Boyaco" [23]		Killed in June 2010

46th Front

It is composed by up to 90 combatants and operates mostly in the Santander Department. Its current leader is not known.

Alias	Name	Note
Fidel Romero	Rafael Rojas Zuñiga	Turned himself in and demobilized in 2003. [24]

South Unit

Referred to in Spanish as Unidad Sur, it operates in the Santander Department and Boyacá Department. Its current leader is unknown.

Alias	Name	Note
"Juan Carlos"		Killed in 2006. [25]

Columns and Companies

The following columns and companies also form part of the Middle Magdalena Bloc:

• Mobile Company Ricardo Franco: Operates in the Santander and Antioquia Departments.
• Company Miguel Francisco Estrada: Operates in the Santander Department.
• Company Luis Alberto Berrío Vélez: Operates in the Santander Department.
• Company Raúl Edo Mahecha: Operates in the Santander Department.
• Company Míller Chacón: Operates in the Santander Department.
• Company 29 de Mayo: Operates in the Santander and Norte de Santander departments.
• Company Gerardo Guevara. Regarded as the "Special Forces" of the FARC in this area of ​​Colombia.

Alias	Name	Note
"Jimmy" or "Pispo"		Killed in April 2011. [26]

• Pamplona Ocana García Rovira Unit: Operates in the Santander Department.

See also

Notes

1. ^ U.S. Department of State. "Félix Antonio Muñoz Lascarro" Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
2. ^ Segunda División Ejército Nacional. "Muerto en combate alias “Juan Carlos”" June 28, 2006. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
3. ^ Observatorio de Paz Integral. "Boletín Agosto de 2006" August, 2006. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
4. ^ http://www.ejercito.mil.co/?idcategoria=255039 Accessed August 26, 2010.
5. ^ http://www.ejercito.mil.co/?idcategoria=255039 Accessed August 26, 2010.
6. ^ http://www.ejercito.mil.co/?idcategoria=255039 Accessed August 26, 2010.
7. ^ http://www.ejercito.mil.co/?idcategoria=255039 Accessed August 26, 2010.
8. ^ ^{a b} Fuerza Aérea Colombiana. "Sí, uno de los muertos es Walter" March 22, 2006. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
9. ^ Ejército Nacional de Colombia (2008-10-01). "Muere en combate cabecilla de las Farc". Ejército Nacional de Colombia. http://www.ejercito.mil.co/?idcategoria=209117. Retrieved 2008-10-01. 
10. ^ http://www.rebelion.org/docs/132833.pdf
11. ^ Fuerza Aérea Colombiana. "Murió en combates alias “Leonardo Patiño”" December 21, 2006. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
12. ^ Ejército Nacional. "Muerto el segundo del frente 20 de las Farc" September 15, 2004. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
13. ^ Capturado alias "El Guajiro", jefe del frente 20 de las Farc. Available online. Accessed September 8, 2010.
14. ^ Policia Nacional: Capturado cabecilla del frente 20 de las farc . Available online. Accessed September 8, 2010.
15. ^ Ejército Nacional. "Dado de baja cabecilla del frente 23 de las Farc en Santander" February 21, 2005. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
16. ^ "Police captures local FARC leader " February 21, 2005. Available online. Accessed September 3, 2009.
17. ^ U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. "United States Charges 50 Leaders Of Narco-Terrorist FARC" March 22, 2006. Available online Accessed July 19, 2007.
18. ^ (Spanish) eltiempo.com Accessed November 4, 2007^{[dead link]}
19. ^ http://www.vanguardia.com/judicial/100519-cae-en-floridablanca-temido-guerrillero-de-las-farc-experto-en-explosivos
20. ^ http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/oriente/ARTICULO-WEB-NEW_NOTA_INTERIOR-10541364.html
21. ^ http://www.farc-ep.co/?p=835
22. ^ BBC Mundo. "Colombia: capturan avión venezolano" January 31, 2002. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
23. ^ "Muere en combate cabecilla de la cuadrilla 33 de las Farc" June 9, 2010. Available online. Accessed June 9, 2010.
24. ^ Presidencia de la República. "RUEDA DE PRENSA DEL PRESIDENTE URIBE DURANTE ENTREGA DEL GUERRILLERO RAFAEL ROJAS" April 28, 2003. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
25. ^ Ejército Nacional de Colombia. "Diez guerrilleros mueren en combates contra el Ejército" June 28, 2006. Available online. Accessed July 19, 2007.
26. ^ http://www.policia.gov.co/portal/pls/portal/JOHN.NOTICIAS_NUEVAS_DETALLADAS.SHOW?p_arg_names=identificador&p_arg_values=277228