Spanish Guinea

Infobox Former Country
native_name = Territorios Españoles del Golfo de Guinea
conventional_long_name = Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea
common_name = Spanish Guinea
continent = Africa
region = Equatorial Africa
country = Equatorial Guinea
empire = Spain
status = Colony
era = Cold War
year_start = 1926
year_end = 1968
date_start = 11 August
date_end = 11 August
event_start =
event_end = Independence
p1 = Fernando Poo
p2 = Annobón
p3 = Río Muni
s1 = Equatorial Guinea
flag_p1 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
flag_p2 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
flag_p3 = Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg
flag_s1 = Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg

---

flag_type = Flag of Spain


flag_type = Flag of Spain

---

symbol = Coat of arms of Spain
symbol_type = Coat of arms of Spain

---

image_map_caption = Spanish Guinea
capital = Santa Isabel
latd=2|latm=11|lats=20|latNS=N|longd=102|longm=23|longs=4|longEW=E
common_languages = Spanish
title_representative = Governor
representative1 = Francisco Núñez Rodríguez
year_representative1 = 1962-63 (last)
title_deputy = High Commissioner
deputy1 = Francisco Núñez Rodríguez
year_deputy1 = 1963-64 (first)
deputy2 = Víctor Suances Díaz del Río
year_deputy2 = 1966-68 (last)
currency = Spanish Guinea Peseta

Spanish Guinea was an African colony of Spain that became the independent nation of Equatorial Guinea.

History

The Portuguese explorer, Fernão do Pó, seeking a route to India, is credited with having discovered the island of Bioko in 1472. He called it "Formosa" ("Beautiful"), but it quickly took on the name of its European discoverer. The islands of Fernando Pó and Annobón were colonized by Portugal in 1474. The Portuguese retained control until 1778, when the island, adjacent islets, and commercial rights to the mainland between the Niger and Ogoue Rivers were ceded to Spain in exchange for territory in the American continent (Treaty of El Pardo, between Queen Maria I of Portugal and King Charles III of Spain). From 1827 to 1843, Britain established a base on the island to, supposedly, combat the slave trade. However human trafficking continue through existing networks of slave trade established long before Europeans arrived. The mainland portion, Rio Muni, became a protectorate in 1885 and a colony in 1900. Conflicting claims to the mainland by France and Spain were settled in 1900 by the Treaty of Paris, and periodically, the mainland territories were united administratively under Spanish rule. Between 1926 and 1959 they were united as the colony of Spanish Guinea.During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the nationalist side from Fernando Poo (who rebeled on September 19, 1936) overtook the Republican forces of Río Muni on October 14, 1936" [http://www.ceiba-guinea-ecuatorial.org/guineeangl/histoire.htm#colonie Spanish Colony] ". Institutional web site of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.] .

The population of the colony was stratified"Anuario del Instituto Cervantes (2005). Panorama de la literatura en español en Guinea Ecuatorial", Justo Bolekia Boleká, [http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/anuario/anuario_05/bolekia/p01.htm Introducción histórica] ] as:
# Whites, whose immigration was regulated by the Spanish government.
# Emancipados, black population assimilated to the Whites. They had a Christian Spanish education. Some of them descended from freed Cuban slaves , brought to Africa by Royal Orders of 13 September 1845 (voluntary) and 20 June 1861 (deportation). This group included "mestizos" (mulattoes) acknowledged by the White father"Espacio, Tiempo y Forma", Serie V, Hª Contemporánea, t. 11, 1998, págs. 113-138, " [http://62.204.194.45:8080/fedora/get/bibliuned:ETFSerie5-C1567B04-34C8-342F-55B8-0888954C0F9E/PDF Penología e indigenismo en la antigua Guinea española] ", Pedro María Belmonte Medina] .
# "Individuals of colour" under patronage, the majority of the black indigenous people, of different ethnic groups, mostly Bantus. They were not allowed to own property and were liable to forced labour. They included unacknowleged "mestizos".
# Nigerian and Cameroonian, Chinese and Indian.

References

ee also

* History of Equatorial Guinea
* Bubi
* Fernandinos
* Emancipados