Florida State Road 408

Infobox FL State Road
shields=
type=toll
route=408
length_mi=22.13 [http://www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/statistics/gis/default.htm FDOT GIS data] ] Florida Department of Transportation, [http://www.dot.state.fl.us/PavementManagement/pcs/pcscn75.pdf Pavement Management Office Report - Orange County] (PDF)]
length_km=35.61
formed=October 26, 1973
dir1=West
dir2=East
from=
junction=
to=
previous_type=state
previous_route=407
next_type=former
next_route=409
browse=fl browse
previous_type=state
previous_route=997
route=4080
next_type=state
next_route=5098

State Road 408 (SR 408), also known as the Spessard L. Holland East-West Expressway, is a tolled freeway running east-west through Orlando, Florida, United States. It is owned and operated by the Orlando-Orange County Expressway Authority (OOCEA), except for the westernmost mile (1.5 km), which is owned by Florida's Turnpike Enterprise as a connection to Florida's Turnpike. The road runs from the Turnpike near Ocoee east through downtown Orlando, where it intersects with Interstate 4, to State Road 50 south of the University of Central Florida.

A short connection to State Road 417, originally part of the main line of SR 408, is now a spur of SR 408, and is sometimes labeled State Road 4080. [The Florida Department of Transportation Roadway Characteristics Inventory lists SR 4080 as "EAST CONN TO 50". It also appears on some maps, including those produced by the Dolph Map Company.] The right-of-way where SR 408 once ended at State Road 50 west of State Road 435 (Kirkman Road) was once called State Road 4081. [The Florida Department of Transportation Roadway Characteristics Inventory lists SR 4081 as "WEST CONN TO 50".]

History

Initial segment

The Orlando-Orange County Expressway Authority had been formed in 1963 for the purpose of building the Bee Line Expressway. In early 1966, while that road was still under construction, Governor Haydon Burns asked the OOCEA to look into an east-west freeway across downtown Orlando to relieve traffic on State Road 50 (Colonial Drive). An engineering study recommended a western terminus at SR 50 west of Kirkman Road (State Road 435) and an eastern terminus at SR 50 east of Goldenrod Road (State Road 15A). One alternate ran close to SR 50, while the other - which was chosen by June 1969 - ran further south. Bonds were sold in May 1971. In December of that year, the OOCEA voted to name it the Spessard Lindsay Holland East-West Expressway, in honor of Spessard Holland, who had just retired from representing Florida in the U.S. Senate. Groundbreaking was held just east of Semoran Boulevard on February 5, 1972.Dr. Jerrell H. Shofner, [http://oocea.com/pdf/book_OOCEA.pdf Building a Community: The History of the Orlando-Orange County Expressway Authority] (PDF), ISBN 0-9714713-0-4]

The final design took SR 408 across Interstate 4 just south of Anderson Street. The interchange - a double trumpet - connected to I-4 south of Gore Street, and resulted in the closure of four of the six ramps at Gore Street, which had intersected I-4 with a six-ramp partial cloverleaf. (The loops were in the southwest and southeast quadrants.) To the east, SR 408 crossed Lake Underhill. East of Goldenrod Road, the decision was made in 1970 to temporarily include three at-grade intersections at Chickasaw Trail, Valencia College Lane and Millinocket Lane.

The west half, from SR 50 to Mills Avenue, opened October 26, 1973. The rest was completed by December 11. The two barrier toll plazas - Holland West and Holland East - each charged 20 cents, while the ramp tolls - present at Orange Blossom Trail, Mills Avenue, Bumby Avenue, Conway Road and Semoran Boulevard, charged 10 cents. The Florida Department of Transportation took over operation and maintenance, giving revenues to the OOCEA. The final cost of the 13.3-mile (21.4 km) road was about $89 million.

Most tolls were doubled on January 1, 1987.

Eastern extension

Prior to the start of construction on the eastern extension, the Northeastern Beltway (State Road 417) was built north from the existing east end of the East-West at SR 50. As part of this project, in 1987 and 1988, two ramps were added to the Goldenrod Road interchange to make it full, and the three at-grade intersections were removed - Chickasaw Trail became an overpass, Valencia College Lane became an interchange, and Millinocket Lane was simply cut. Ramp tolls were added at Valencia College Lane and SR 50, adding to the cost of traveling the original East-West once tolling on the new road began January 1, 1989.

By 1984, the alignment of the eastern extension of SR 408 had been chosen. The area was planned to be developed, and the OOCEA hoped to build the road before development made that impossible. Construction began in 1987, and the west piece, from existing SR 408 (redesignated SR 4080) to Rouse Road, opened May 12, 1989. The rest of the six-mile (10 km) road opened in June, with a total cost of $105 million. This project included a full interchange with the planned Southeastern Beltway (opened April 14, 1990), the Dean Road barrier toll, as well as a connection at the east end to the Central Florida Research Park. A wide median was left where the road curves north to end at SR 50 for further extension, but the land to the east has since been developed.

A "free movement" still exists between Exit 10B (Interstate 4 Eastbound) and Exit 10C (Orange Avenue). Motorists may travel between these two exits without incurring a toll. This is the only free movement on State Road 408.

Western extension

A connection to Florida's Turnpike and the planned Western Beltway was studied in 1985. (The Beltway, which would have run where Clarke Road now is, was soon shifted west.) Construction on the 4.5-mile (7 km) extension began in mid-1989 and was completed on October 8, 1990, costing $102 million total. The former west end at SR 50 west of Kirkman Road was temporarily designated SR 4081 during construction, and became a retention pond. A fourth barrier toll - the Hiawassee Road plaza - was added to the road. The extension was designed to have a full interchange with the Turnpike, but originally only the north-pointing ramps were built. The full interchange with the Turnpike was completed in August, 2006. A temporary ticket system booth was installed until the Turnpike switched to a coin system.

Later changes

Tolls were again raised July 1, 1990, to 75 cents at barrier tolls and 50 cents on ramps. After public backlash, an experiment began October 11, 1992, in which some of the changes were reverted. The Hiawassee Road and Dean Road barriers were dropped back to 50 cents, and ramp tolls at Hiawassee Road, Valencia College Lane, Dean Road and Rouse Road were cut to 25 cents. The OOCEA board voted on June 17, 1993 to make the changes permanent.

Due to confusion resulting from the four named toll roads in the Orlando area (East-West Expressway, Bee Line Expressway, Eastern Beltway and Seminole County Expressway), the OOCEA decided in 1992 to use the numbers that had already been designated by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). The old orange symbol was replaced by the number 408 in the new toll road symbol, recently approved by FDOT. Signs were changed in 1993.

At some point in the late 1990s, the John Young Parkway interchange was completed; it had formerly only had ramps to and from the east.

408 At Work

Currently the corridor is undergoing a $600 million widening project. As part of the project, two through lanes are being added along the entire length of the expressway from Hiawassee Road in the west to just west of Goldenrod Road in the east. The section from downtown Orlando to Hiawassee Road was completed in Spring 2007. The entire project is expected to be completed in 2010.

All the mainline toll plazas are being reconstructed with express E-Pass lanes. On November 10, 2006, the new Pine Hills Main Toll Plaza opened, replacing the Holland West Toll Plaza. The new toll plaza features 3 express E-Pass lanes in both directions with open road tolling. The Holland West plaza has been demolished. The new plaza is approximately 2 miles west of the old plaza.

Separate from the project is a new interchange with Interstate 4 near downtown Orlando. It began construction in late 2005, and is being handled by the Florida Department of Transportation. At the western end of the expressway a new set of ramps to Florida's Turnpike opened in August 2006. Previously it was only possible for westbound traffic to go northbound on the Turnpike. A new ramp allows traffic to also go southbound on the Turnpike. Likewise, previously only southbound Turnpike traffic could exit onto eastbound TOLL 408. A new ramp on the northbound Turnpike allows traffic to enter eastbound TOLL 408. New west facing ramps opened in March 2007 at Good Homes Road, joining pre-existing east facing ramps.

Exit list

References

External links

* [http://www.terraserverusa.com/image.aspx?T=4&S=12&LON=-81.26579&LAT=28.55216 Terraserver "Urban Areas" image of SR 4080]
* [http://www.terraserverusa.com/image.aspx?T=4&S=11&LON=-81.46412&LAT=28.54804 TerraServer "Urban Areas" image of former SR 4081]