Demyelinating disease

Demyelinating disease
Demyelinating disease
Classification and external resources

Photomicrograph of a demyelinating MS-Lesion. Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 highlights numerous macrophages (brown). Original magnification 10×.
ICD-10 G35-G37, G61.0
ICD-9 340-341, 357.0
MeSH D003711

A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.[1] This impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves, causing impairment in sensation, movement, cognition, or other functions depending on which nerves are involved.

The term describes the effect of the disease, rather than its cause; some demyelinating diseases are caused by genetics, some by infectious agents, some by autoimmune reactions, and some by unknown factors. Organophosphates, a class of chemicals which are the active ingredients in commercial insecticides such as sheep dip, weed-killers, and flea treatment preparations for pets, etc., will also demyelinate nerves.

Neuroleptics can cause demyelination.[2]

Demyelinating diseases

Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system include:

Demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system include:

See also

References

  1. ^ "demyelinating disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. ^ Konopaske GT, Dorph-Petersen KA, Sweet RA, et al. (April 2008). "Effect of chronic antipsychotic exposure on astrocyte and oligodendrocyte numbers in macaque monkeys". Biol. Psychiatry 63 (8): 759–65. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.08.018. PMC 2386415. PMID 17945195. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006-3223(07)00847-5. 
v · d · ePathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G04–G47, 323–349)
Inflammation
Encephalitis (Viral encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis) · Cavernous sinus thrombosis · Brain abscess (Amoebic)
Myelitis: Poliomyelitis · Demyelinating disease (Transverse myelitis) · Tropical spastic paraparesis · Epidural abscess
Both/either
Brain/
encephalopathy
Demyelinating
Episodic/
paroxysmal
Intracranial hypertension (Hydrocephalus/NPH, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension) · Cerebral edema · Intracranial hypotension
Other
Brain herniation · Reye's · Hepatic encephalopathy · Toxic encephalopathy
Spinal cord/
myelopathy
Both/either
UMN only: PLS · PP · HSP
both: ALS

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
v · d · eMultiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of CNS (G35–G37, 340–341)
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis and evolution following
Investigation
Treatment
Borderline forms
Other

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
v · d · eNervous system pathology, PNS, somatic (G50–G64, 350–357)
 Nerve, nerve root, plexus
Lower limb
General
 Polyneuropathies/Polyradiculoneuropathy
Autoimmune/demyelinating
Other

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)



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Look at other dictionaries:

  • demyelinating disease — any condition characterized by destruction of the myelin sheaths of nerves. Cf. multiple sclerosis …   Medical dictionary

  • monosymptomatic demyelinating disease — acute occurrence of any one of a number of symptoms that suggest a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis; persons who have such an attack may or may not develop multiple sclerosis …   Medical dictionary

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  • demyelinating encephalopathy — any encephalopathy accompanied by demyelination; see Schilder disease, under disease …   Medical dictionary

  • nervous system disease — Introduction       any of the diseases or disorders that affect the functioning of the human nervous system (nervous system, human). Everything that humans sense, consider, and effect and all the unlearned reflexes of the body depend on the… …   Universalium

  • Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases — (IIDDs), sometimes known as borderline forms of multiple sclerosis,[1] is a collection of multiple sclerosis variants, sometimes considered different diseases,[2][3] but considered by others to form a spectrum differing only in terms of… …   Wikipedia

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