Rain fade
Translation- Rain fade
Rain fade refers primarily to the absorption of a
microwave Radio Frequency (RF) signal by atmospheric rain, snow or ice, and losses are especially prevalent at frequencies above 11GHz . It also refers to the degradation of a signal caused by theelectromagnetic interference of the leading edge of a storm front. Rain fade can be caused by precipitation at the uplink or downlink location. However, it does not need to be raining at a location for it to be affected by rain fade, as the signal may pass through precipitation many miles away, especially if thesatellite dish has a lowlook angle . From 5 to 20 percent of rain fade or satellite signal attenuation may also be caused by rain, snow or ice on the uplink or downlink antenna reflector, radome or feed horn.Possible ways to overcome the effects of rain fade are
site diversity , uplink power control,variable rate encoding , receiving antennas larger than the requested size for normal weather conditions, andhydrophobic coatings. Onlysuperhydrophobic ,Lotus effect surfaces repel snow and ice.Uplink power control
The simplest way to compensate the rain fade effect in
satellite communications is to increase the transmission power: this dynamic fade countermeasure is called uplink power control (UPC). In any case, it has a limited use since it cannot provide large margins: transmitting amplifiers behave non-linearly under increased power, and the output power is limited. The limitations are more severe for a transmitter in a satellite, so power control is used only inuplink .ee also
*
Fresnel zone
*Diversity scheme
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