Natural fertility

Natural fertility

Natural fertility method of birth control is a concept developed by French historical demographer Louis Henry to refer to the level of fertility that would prevail in a population that makes no conscious effort to limit, regulate, or control fertility, so that fertility depends only on physiological factors affecting fecundity. In contrast, populations that practice fertility control will have lower than "natural fertility" levels as a result of delaying first births (a lengthened interval between menarche and first pregnancy), spacing out the intervals between births, or stopping child-bearing at a certain age. Such control does not assume the use of artificial means of fertility regulation or modern contraceptive methods but can result from the use of traditional means of contraception or pregnancy prevention (e.g., coitus interruptus), or from social norms or practices regarding celibacy, the age at marriage and the timing and frequency of sexual intercourse, including periods of prescribed sexual abstinence. Ansley Coale and other demographers have developed several methods for measuring the extent of such fertility control, in which the idea of a natural level of fertility is an essential component.

References

  • Coale, Ansley J. (1971). "Age Patterns of Marriage," Population Studies 25: 193-214.
  • Coale, Ansley J., and James T. Trussell (1974). “Model fertility schedules: Variations in the age structure of childbearing in human populations.” Population Index 40: 185–258.
  • ——— (1975). “A new method of estimating standard fertility measures from incomplete data,” Population Index 41: 182–210.
  • ——— (1978). “Finding the two parameters that specify a model schedule of marital fertility rates,” Population Index 44: 203–13.
  • Henry, Louis (1961). “Some data on natural fertility,” Eugenics Quarterly 8: 81–91.
  • Wilson, Chris, Jim Oeppen, and Mike Pardoe (1988). “What is natural fertility? The modeling of a concept,” Population Index 54 (1): 4–20.
  • Xie, Yu. (1990). "What is Natural Fertility? The Remodeling of a Concept," Population Index 56 (4): 656-663.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Fertility awareness — Background Birth control type Behavioral First use 1950s (mucus) mid 1930s (BBT) 1930 (Knaus Ogino) Ancient (ad hoc) Failure rates (first year) Perfect use Symptoms based: 1 3% Calendar based: 5 9% …   Wikipedia

  • Fertility — is the natural capability of giving life. As a measure, Fertility Rate is the number of children born per couple, person or population. This is different from fecundity, which is defined as the potential for reproduction (influenced by gamete… …   Wikipedia

  • Fertility preservation — is the effort to help cancer patients retain their fertility, or ability to procreate. Research into how cancer affects reproductive health and preservation options are growing, sparked in part by the increase in the survival rate of cancer… …   Wikipedia

  • Natural killer cell — Latin lymphocytus K Code TH H2.00.04.1.02006 Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the innate immune system. NK cells play a major role in the rejection of …   Wikipedia

  • Natural childbirth — Intervention MeSH D009321 Natural Childbirth is a philosophy of childbirth that is based on the notion that women who are adequately prepared are innately able to give birth without routine medical interventions. Natural childb …   Wikipedia

  • Fertility clinic — Fertility clinics are staffed medical clinics that assist couples, and sometimes individuals, who want to become parents but for medical reasons have been unable to achieve this goal via the natural course. Clinics apply a number of tests and… …   Wikipedia

  • Natural family planning — This article is about methods of family planning approved by the Catholic Church. For a more general use of the term, see fertility awareness. Natural family planning Background Birth control type behavioral First use Ancient: calendar, LAM mid… …   Wikipedia

  • Natural birth control — Infobox Birth control name = Natural birth control width = caption = bc type = natural birth control date first use = Ancient (abstinence, withdrawal, herbal) to modern (FA, heat based, LAM) rate type = Failure| perfect failure% = Various typical …   Wikipedia

  • Fertility (soil) — Soil fertility is the characteristic of soil that supports abundant plant life. In particular the term is used to describe agricultural and garden soil.Fertile soil has the following properties: *It is rich in nutrients necessary for basic plant… …   Wikipedia

  • natural selection — the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than… …   Universalium

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”