42nd Street (Manhattan)

42nd Street is a major crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, known for its theaters, especially near the intersection with Broadway at Times Square. It is also the name of the region of the theater district (and, at times, the red-light district) near that intersection. The street has held a special place in the mind of New Yorkers since at least the turn of the twentieth century, and hosts some of New York's most important buildings, including (east to west) the Chrysler Building, Grand Central Station, Times Square, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal.

History

The former Longacre Square was renamed to honor "The New York Times" which established its offices and printing plant nearby. For a long period in the mid-20th century, the area of 42nd Street near Times Square was home to peep shows and other activities often considered unsavory. A comedian once said, "They call it 42nd Street because you're not safe if you spend more than forty seconds on it."

A popular 1933 movie musical named "42nd Street", set in Depression Manhattan, colorfully described the bawdy mixture of Broadway shows and prostitution during the early 20th century. In 1980, it was turned into a successful Broadway musical, which was revived in 2001 in a theater that was itself on 42nd Street. The following is an excerpt from the musical::"In the heart of little old New York
you'll find a thoroughfare;":"It's the part of little old New York
that runs into Times Square…"

From the early 1960s until the late 1980s, 42nd Street was the cultural center of American grindhouse theatres, which spawned an entire subculture. The book "Sleazoid Express", a travelogue of the 42nd Street grindhouses and the films they showed, describes in detail the unique blend of people who made up the theater-goers, including black pimps, low-grade "mafiosi", transvestites, Latino gangsters, "rough trade" homosexuals, aggressive lesbians, trench coat-clad perverts, and thrill-seeking squares.

In the late 1980s, the grindhouses were all shut down in a series of late-night raids by the New York City Police Department, under the orders of Mayor Ed Koch as a part of his resolution to clean up the city's seedier elements.

Recent changes

In the late 1990s, city government encouraged a clean-up of the Times Square area. The block of 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues has again became home to a "legitimate" theater, along with shops and restaurants that draw millions to the city every year.

Public transit

Every subway line that crosses 42nd Street has a stop on 42nd Street, whether the line be express or local:
*42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal (NYCS Eighth south)
*Times Square–42nd Street (NYCS Broadway-Seventh NYCS Flushing NYCS Broadway Seventh NYCS 42nd)
*42nd Street–Bryant Park (NYCS Flushing NYCS Sixth)
*42nd Street–Grand Central (NYCS Lexington NYCS Flushing NYCS 42nd)

The IRT 42nd Street Shuttle runs under 42nd Street between Broadway/Seventh Avenue (Times Square) and Park Avenue (Grand Central Terminal); the IRT Flushing Line begins at 41st Street/Seventh Avenue, runs between 41st and 42nd from Sixth Avenue to Park Avenue, curves onto 42nd Street between Park and Lexington Avenues, and continues under the East River to Queens. Each line stops at Times Square and Grand Central; the Flushing Line also stops at Fifth Avenue–Bryant Park.

Additionally, MTA New York City Transit's M42 bus runs the length of 42nd Street between the Circle Line ferry terminal (or the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center) on the Hudson River and the headquarters of the United Nations on the East River, and its M104 bus runs from the UN headquarters via Times Square before turning north along Broadway to 125th Street. The 42nd Street Crosstown Line streetcar used 42nd Street.

The Lincoln Highway, conceived in 1913 as America's first transcontinental highway, officially started at Times Square and ran west on 42nd Street to reach the Weehawken Ferry. After crossing the Hudson River to Weehawken, New Jersey, it continued about 3,000 miles across the country to San Francisco, California.

Places along 42nd Street

Places located along 42nd Street include (from East to West):
*Tudor City apartments, First Avenue
*Ford Foundation, Second Avenue, former site of the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled (now known as the Hospital for Special Surgery) [Levine, D. B. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2504267 "The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled Moves East on 42nd Street 1912 to 1925"] , "HSS Journal", September 2007. Accessed October 10, 2008. "The new Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled was built on 42nd Street between First and Second avenue. It is currently the location of the Ford Foundation"]
*News Building (formerly the New York Daily News Building), Second Avenue
*Chrysler Building, Lexington Avenue
* Pershing Square, park Avenue
*Grand Central Terminal, Park Avenue
*New York Public Library (main branch), Fifth Avenue
*University Optometric Center, Sixth Avenue
*SUNY College of Optometry, Sixth Avenue
*Bryant Park, Sixth Avenue
*Times Square, Seventh Avenue
*Port Authority Bus Terminal, Eighth Avenue
*Circle Line Cruises ferry terminal, Twelfth Avenue

Intersections from east to west

*FDR Drive
*First Avenue
*Second Avenue
*Third Avenue
*Lexington Avenue
*Park Avenue
*Vanderbilt Avenue - access to Grand Central Terminal
*Madison Avenue
*Fifth Avenue - East 42nd Street becomes West 42nd Street
*Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas)
*Broadway - about three-quarters of the way from Sixth Avenue to Seventh Avenue
*Seventh Avenue
*Eighth Avenue
*Ninth Avenue
*Dyer Avenue - access to Lincoln Tunnel
*Tenth Avenue
*Eleventh Avenue
*West Side Highway

ee also

*Manhattan streets, 15-59

References