Alfred Mosher Butts

Alfred Mosher Butts (April 13, 1899 - April 4, 1993) was an American architect and the inventor of the board game Scrabble in 1938.

In the early 1930s after receiving his degree from the University of Pennsylvania, unemployed architect Alfred Mosher Butts set out to design a board game. After studying existing games, he realized that games fell into three categories: number games like dice and bingo; move games such as chess and checkers; and word games like anagrams.

Butts decided to create a game that utilized both chance and skill by combining elements of anagrams and crossword puzzles, a popular pastime of the 1920s. Players would draw seven lettered tiles from a pool and then attempt to form words from their seven letters. A key to the game was Butts' analysis of the English language. Butts studied the front page of The New York Times to calculate how frequently each letter of the alphabet was used. He then used each letter's frequency to determine how many of each letter he would include in the game. He included only four "S" tiles so that the ability to make words plural would not make the game too easy.

First called "Lexiko", Butts later changed the name to "Criss Cross Words" and began to look for a buyer. The game makers he originally contacted rejected the idea, but Butts was tenacious. Eventually, he sold the rights to entrepreneur and game-lover James Brunot. Brunot made a few minor adjustments to the design and renamed the game "Scrabble", a word meaning "to grope frantically" [From the Dutch "Schrabben," to scrape or scratch]

In 1948, the game was trademarked and James Brunot and his wife converted an abandoned schoolhouse in Dodgington, Connecticut, into a Scrabble factory. In 1949, the Brunots made 2,400 sets, but lost $450. The game, however, was steadily gaining popularity, helped along by orders from Macy's department store. By 1952, the Brunots could no longer keep up with demand and licensed game maker Selchow and Righter to market and distribute the game.

One hundred million sets have been sold worldwide and between one and two million sets are sold each year in North America alone. [ [http://www.scrabble-assoc.com/info/history.html History of SCRABBLE] ]

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* [http://www.scrabble-assoc.com/captions/amb.html Picture of Alfred Mosher Butts]