Bactericidal/permeability increasing protein

protein
Name = bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 1095
Symbol = BPI
AltSymbols =
EntrezGene = 671
OMIM = 109195
RefSeq = NM_001725
UniProt = P17213
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 20
Arm = q
Band = 11.23
LocusSupplementaryData =

Bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) is a 456 residue (~50kDa) protein which is part of the innate immune system.cite journal
last = Elsbach
first = Peter
year = 1998
month = July
title = The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in antibacterial host defense
journal = Journal of Leukocyte biology
volume = 64
issue = 1
pages = 14–18
publisher = Wiley-Liss
location = USA
issn = 0741-5400
pmid = 9665269
url = http://www.jleukbio.org/cgi/reprint/64/1/14
format = pdf
accessdate = 2008-04-08 ]

Distribution and function

BPI was initially identified in neutrophils, but is found in other tissues including the epithelial lining of mucus membranes. [cite journal
author = Geraldine Canny
coauthors = Ofer Levy, Glenn T. Furuta, Sailaja Narravula-Alipati, Richard B. Sisson, Charles N. Serhan, and Sean P. Colgan
date = 2002-03-19
title = Lipid mediator-induced expression of bactericidal/ permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in human mucosal epithelia
journal = PNAS
volume = 99
issue = 6
pages = 3902–3907
publisher = National Academy of Sciences
location = USA
issn = 0027-8424
pmid = 11891303
doi = 10.1073/pnas.052533799
url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/6/3902
accessdate = 2008-04-08 ] It is an endogenous antibiotic protein with potent killing activity against some bacteria (Gram-negative bacteria). It binds to compounds called lipopolysaccharides produced by Gram-negative bacteria. Lipolysaccharides are potent activators of the immune system, however BPI at certain concentrations can prevent this activation.

BPI was discovered by Jerrold Weiss and Peter Elsbach at New York University Medical School.

rBPI₂₁

Because lipopolysaccharides are potent inflammatory agents, and the action of antibiotics can result in the the release of these compounds, the binding capacity of BPI was explored as a possible means of reducing injury. Xoma Ltd. developed a recombinant 25kDa portion of the BPI molecule called rBPI₂₁, NEUPREX or opebecan. It was given as trial has been found to have decrease the mortality in Gram-negative bacterial induced sepsis. [cite journal
author = Michael Levin
coauthors = Peter A Quint, Brahm Goldstein, Phil Barton, John S Bradley, SD Shemie, Timothy Yeh, Sun Sook Kim, Daniel P Cafaro, Patrick J Scannon and Brett P Giroir
date = September 16, 2000
title = Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI₂₁) as adjunctive treatment for children with severe meningococcal sepsis: a randomised trial
journal = Lancet
volume = 356
issue = 9234
pages = 961–967
publisher = Lancet Publishing Group
location = England
issn = 0140-6736
pmid = 11041396
doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02712-4
url = http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673600027124/abstract
accessdate = 2008-04-09
laysummary = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2000_Sept_14/ai_65253242
laysource = Business Wire
laydate = 2000-09-14 ] Studies suggest that its binding activity is not the means by which it mediates its protective effect. [cite journal
author = G Schlag
coauthors = H Redl, J Davies, and P Scannon
year = 1999
month = February
title = Protective effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) in baboon sepsis is related to its antibacterial, not antiendotoxin, properties
journal = Annals of Surgery
volume = 229
issue = 2
pages = 262–271
publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
location = US
issn = 0003-4932
pmid = 10024109
url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1191640
accessdate = 2008-04-09
doi = 10.1097/00000658-199902000-00015 ] Studies show biological effects with Gram-positive bacteria [cite journal
author = Amit Srivastava
coauthors = Heather Casey, Nathaniel Johnson, Ofer Levy, and Richard Malley
year = 2007
month = January
title = Recombinant Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein rBPI₂₁ Protects against Pneumococcal Disease
journal = Infection and Immunity
volume = 75
issue = 1
pages = 342–349
publisher = American Society for Microbiology
location = US
issn = 0019-9567
pmid = 17101667
doi = 10.1128/IAI.01089-06
url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1828387
accessdate = 2008-04-09 ] and even in infection by the protozoan, "Toxoplasma gondii". [cite journal
quotes =
author = Anis A. Khan
coauthors = Lewis H. Lambert Jr., Jack S. Remington, and Fausto G. Araujo
year = 1999
month = April
title = Recombinant Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein (rBPI₂₁) in Combination with Sulfadiazine Is Active against Toxoplasma gondii
journal = Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
volume = 43
issue = 4
pages = 758–762
publisher = American Society for Microbiology
location = US
issn = 0066-4804
pmid = 10103177
url = http://aac.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/4/758
accessdate = 2008-04-09 ]

References

External links

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