Gujarat Sultanate

Gujarat Sultanate

The Gujarat Sultanate was an independent kingdom established in the early 15th century in Gujarat. The founder of the ruling Muzaffarid dynasty, Zafar Khan (later Muzaffar Shah I) was appointed as governor of Gujarat by Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq IV in 1391. He defeated Farhat-ul-Mulk near Anhilwada Patan and made the city his capital. He declared himself independent in 1407 CE. The next sultan, his grandson Ahmad Shah I founded the new capital Ahmedabad in 1411 on the banks of Sabarmati River, which he styled as "Shahr-i-Mu'azzam" (the great city). The prosperity of the sultanate reached its zenith during the rule of Mahmud Shah I Begada. In 1509, Portuguese wrested Diu from Gujarat sultanate. Mughal emperor Humayun attacked Gujarat in 1535. The end of the sultanate came in 1573, when Akbar annexed Gujarat in his empire. Gujarat became a Mughal Subah. The last ruler Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan.

Muzaffar Shah I

Delhi Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq appointed Malik Mufarrah, also known as Farhat-ul-Mulk and Rasti Khan governor of Gujarat in 1377. In 1387 Sikandar Khan was sent to replace him but he was defeated and killed by Farhat-ul-Mulk. In 1391, Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq appointed Zafar Khan, the son of Wajih-ul-Mulk as governor of Gujarat and conferred him the title of Muzaffar Khan. In 1392, he defeated Farhat-ul-Mulk in the battle of Kamboi, near Anhilwada Patan and occupied the city of Anhilwada PatanMajumdar, R.C. (2006). "The Delhi Sultanate", Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.155-7] .

In 1403, his son Tatar Khan urged his father to march on Delhi, which he declined. As a result, Tatar imprisoned him and declared himself sultan under the title of Muhammad Shah. He marched towards Delhi but on the way he was poisoned by his uncle Shams Khan. After the death of Muhammad Shah, Muzaffar was released from the prison and he took over the control over administration. In 1407, he declared himself as Sultan Muzaffar Shah, took the insignia of royalty and isued coins in his name. After his death in 1411, he was succeeded by his grandson, the son of Tatar Khan, Ahmad ShahMajumdar, R.C. (2006). "The Delhi Sultanate", Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.155-7] .

Ahmad Shah I

Soon after his accession, Ahmad Shah was faced with a rebellion of his uncles. The rebellion was led by his eldest uncle Firuz Khan, who declared himself king. Ultimately Firuz and his brothers surrendered to him. During this rebellion Sultan Hoshang Shah of Malwa invaded Gujarat. He was repelled this time but he invaded again in 1417 along with Nasir Khan, the Faruqi dynasty ruler of Khandesh and occupied Sultanpur and Nandurbar. Gujarat army defeated them and later Ahmad Shah led four expeditions into Malwa in 1419, 1420, 1422 and 1438Majumdar, R.C. (2006). "The Delhi Sultanate", Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.157-60] .

In 1429, Kanha Raja of Jhalawar with the help of the Bahmani Sultan Ahmad Shah ravaged Nandurbar. But Ahmad Shah's army defeated the Bahmani army and they fled to Daulatabad. The Bahmani Sultan Ahmad Shah sent strong reinforcements and the Khandesh army also joined them. They were again defeated by the Gujarat army. Finally, Ahmad Shah annexed Thana and Mahim from Bahmani kingdomMajumdar, R.C. (2006). "The Delhi Sultanate", Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.157-60] .

At the beginning of his reign, he founded the city of Ahmadabad, where he shifted the capital from Anhilwada Patan. The "Jami Masjid" (1423) and the "Tin Darwaza" (Triple Gateway) in Ahmedabad were built during his reign [Majumdar, R.C. (2006). "The Delhi Sultanate", Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.709-23] .

Sultan Ahmad Shah died in 1443 and succeeded by his eldest son Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad ShahMajumdar, R.C. (2006). "The Delhi Sultanate", Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.157-60] .

Rulers

#Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I 1391 - 1403 CE
#Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah I 1403 - 1404 CE
#Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I 1404 - 1411 CE (restored)
#Nasir-ud-Din Ahmad Shah I 1411 - 1443 CE
#Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad Shah II 1443 - 1451 CE
#Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II 1451 - 1458 CE
#Daud Shah 1458 CE
#Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I 1458 - 1511 CE
#Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah II 1511 - 1526 CE
#Sikandar Shah 1526 CE
#Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II 1526 CE
#Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah 1526 - 1535 CE
#Humayun (Mughal rule) 1535 - 1536 CE
#Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah 1536 - 1537 CE (restored)
#Miran Muhammad Shah III(of Khandesh) 1537 CE
#Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah III 1537 - 1554 CE
#Ghiyas-ud-Din Ahmad Shah III 1554 - 1561 CE
#Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III 1561 - 1573 CE,
#Akbar (Mughal rule) 1573 - 1583 CE
#Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III 1583 CE (restored)

Notes

ee also

*Battle of Diu
*Muzaffarid dynasty


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Gujarat — This article is about the Indian state. For the district in Pakistan, see Gujrat District. For the city in Pakistan, see Gujrat. Gujarat ગુજરાત   State   …   Wikipedia

  • Sultanate of Demak — Kasultanan Demak ← 1475–1548 …   Wikipedia

  • Gujarat — /gooj euh raht , gooh jeuh /, n. 1. a region in W India, N of the Narbada River. 2. a state in W India, on the Arabian Sea. 30,930,000; 72,138 sq. mi. (186,837 sq. km). Cap.: Gandhinagar. Also, Gujerat. * * * State (pop., 2001 prelim.:… …   Universalium

  • Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat — The Muzaffarid dynasty were sultans of Gujarat in western India from 1391 to 1583. The founder of the dynasty was Zafar Khan Muzaffar (later Muzaffar Shah I) who was governor of Gujarat under the Delhi Sultanate. Zafar Khan s father Sadharan, was …   Wikipedia

  • Muslim Parmar (Gujarat) — The Muslim Parmar of Gujarat are Muslim converts from the larger Parmar Rajput community. They are said to have converted to Islam during the early period of the Gujarat Sultanate. Their ancestors were a Hasan and his brother Hisamuddin.… …   Wikipedia

  • Sultanat du Gujarat — Le sultanat du Gujarat est un royaume musulman établi dans le Gujarat en Inde et dirigé par la dynastie Muzaffaride. Le fondateur de la dynastie, Zafar Khan (plus tard nommé Muzaffar Shah I) est nommé gouverneur du Gujarat par Fîrûz Shâh Tughlûq… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Malacca Sultanate — Sultanate of Malacca كسلطانن ملايو ملاك ← 1402–1511 …   Wikipedia

  • Delhi sultanate — Principal Muslim sultanate in northern India during the 13th to the 16th centuries. Its creation owed much to the campaigns of Muḥammad of Ghūr and his lieutenant Quṭb al Dīn Aybak between 1175 and 1206. During the reign of Sultan Iltutmish… …   Universalium

  • Malwa Sultanate — Rani Rupmati Pavilion in Mandu, the capital of the Malwa Sultanate The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval independent kingdom in the Malwa region of the present day Madhya Pradesh state in India in 1392–1562. Contents …   Wikipedia

  • Ahmadnagar Sultanate — Chand Bibi, an 18th century painting The Ahmadnagar Sultanate سلطان احمد نگر was a late medieval Indian kingdom, located in the northwestern Deccan, between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur. Malik Ahmad, the Bahmani governor of Junnar after… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”