Head (film)

Infobox_Film
name = Head


caption = Movie poster for "Head"
director = Bob Rafelson
producer = Bob Rafelson Jack Nicholson
writer = Bob Rafelson Jack Nicholson
starring = Peter Tork
Davy Jones
Micky Dolenz
Michael Nesmith
Jack Nicholson
music = Ken Thorne
cinematography = Michel Hugo
editing = Mike Pozen
distributor = Columbia Pictures
MPAA Rating = G
released = November 6, 1968
runtime = 86 min.
language = English
budget = $750,000 USD
imdb_id = 0063049|

"Head" is a psychedelic motion picture released in 1968, starring TV group The Monkees (in credit order: Peter Tork, Davy Jones, Micky Dolenz and Michael Nesmith), and distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was written and produced by Bob Rafelson and Jack Nicholson, and directed by Rafelson.

The name seems to be a sort of joke. The Beatles had released the film "HELP", and the physical beginning of a movie is called the "HEAD". "Head" is actually written on the beginnings of every reel of film produced just as "Tail" is written on the ends. A similar joke can be seen later in the movie - when they are playing a concert, you can see the word "Drum" on their drums instead of "Monkees". Additionally, a "head trip" was a common term in the late sixties, and this can also part of the joke. In 60s and 70s slang, "head" meant someone who used psychedelic drugs, as in "pot head," and "acid head." The name is also suggestive of oral sex. It is rumored that the title was chosen in the case of a sequel being produced, where it would be advertised as coming from the filmmakers who "gave you 'Head'".

The film featured Victor Mature as "The Big Victor" and other cameo appearances by Nicholson, Dennis Hopper, Teri Garr, Carol Doda, Annette Funicello, Toni Basil (the film's choreographer), Frank Zappa, and athletes Sonny Liston and Ray Nitschke.

Plot

"Head" begins (without any opening credits) at the dedication of a bridge. After a politician struggles with constant feedback with his microphone as he tries to give a speech, the Monkees suddenly interrupt the ceremony by running through the assembled officials, to the sound of various horns and sirens. The rest of the film is essentially plotless, a seemingly stream of consciousness stringing-together of musical numbers, satire of various film genres, elements of psychedelia, and references to topical issues such as the Vietnam War. The distorted consciousness and psychedelia elements resemble that of an LSD trip, a widespread recreational drug at the time. Trailers for the film summarized it as a "most extraordinary adventure, western, comedy, love story, mystery, drama, musical, documentary satire ever made (And that's putting it mildly)." Some film criticsFact|date=September 2007 now consider the film to be an allegorical deconstruction of the Monkees' experiences as pawns of the Hollywood starmaking machine that, like their real-life story itself, contains some sinister truths lurking underneath what appears to be a colorful, entrancing facade.

The storylines and peak moments of the movie came from a weekend visit to a resort in Ojai, California, where the Monkees, Rafelson and Nicholson brainstormed into a tape recorder, reportedly with the aid of a large quantity of marijuana. When the band learned that they would not be allowed to direct themselves or to receive screenwriting credit (since they didn't write the actual shooting script), Dolenz, Jones, and Nesmith staged a one-day walkout, leaving Tork the only Monkee on the set the first day. The incident damagedFact|date=September 2007 the Monkees' relationship with Rafelson and Bert Schneider.

Filmed at Columbia Pictures/Screen Gems Studios and on various locations in California (the Gerald Desmond Bridge, Long Beach; Pasadena Rose Bowl, Pasadena; Playa Del Rey; Bronson Canyon; Palm Springs; Columbia Ranch, Burbank), Utah (Valley Music Hall, Salt Lake City), and The Bahamas between February 15 and May 17, 1968, the movie makes fun of the band's image and the bandmembers' personae. The song "Ditty Diego - War Chant" is a parody of the band's TV theme song written by Boyce and Hart; its lyrics illustrate the tone of self-parody evident in parts of the film:

"Hey, hey, we are The Monkees"
"You know we love to please"
"A manufactured image"
"With no philosophies."

[...]

"You say we're manufactured."
"To that we all agree."
"So make your choice and we'll rejoice"
"in never being free!"
"Hey, hey, we are The Monkees"
"We've said it all before"
"The money's in, we're made of tin"
"We're here to give you more!"
"The money's in, we're made of tin"
"We're here to give you..."

(The final "We're here to give you..." is interrupted by a gunshot, with footage of the execution of Nguyen Van Lem.)

Elements of the movie were based in fact, including the stampede leaving the studio canteen when the Monkees break for lunch, and the "big black box" the band repeatedly becomes trapped in. (During the first season, veteran performers would regularly complain about the Monkees' presence – and walk out of the cafeteria whenever they came in – while members would sometimes wander off-set when they weren't needed on camera. The studio responded by building a break area on-set for the Monkees, with a meat-locker door and the walls painted black.)

A poor audience response at an August 1968 screening in Los Angeles eventually forced the producers to edit the picture down from its original 110-minute length. The 86-minute "Head" premiered in New York City on November 6, 1968. (The film later debuted in Hollywood on November 20.) It was not a commercial success. This was in part because "Head", being an antithesis of "The Monkees" TV show, comprehensively demolished the group's carefully-groomed public image, while the older, hipper audience they'd been reaching for rejected the Monkees' efforts out of hand.

The movie was also delayed in its release (owing partly to the use of solarisation, a then-new technique both laborious and expensive), and badly under-promoted. The sole television commercial was a confusing, minimalist close-up shot of a man's head; after thirty seconds, the man smiled and the name HEAD appeared on his forehead. This ad was a parody of Andy Warhol's 1963 film Blow Job, which only showed a close-up of a man's face for an extended period, supposedly receiving 'head'.

Another part of the promotional campaign was placing "Head" stickers in random places. An urban legend has circulated for years that Jack Nicholson was arrested for trying to place on of these stickers onto the helmet of a New York City police officer while he was mounting his horse.

The film eventually found a cult following, although even fans tend to disagree whether the film is a landmark of surreal, innovative filmmaking or simply a fascinating mess. It was released on video by RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video in September 1986 (taking advantage of the group's 20th Anniversary) and by Rhino Entertainment in January 1995.

Music

While the film's music disappointed fans of the band's more traditional pop sound, it features what some critics considered to be some of the best recorded work by The Monkees, including songs contributed by Carole King and Harry Nilsson. Jack Nicholson compiled the soundtrack album, which approximates the flow of the movie and includes large portions of the dialogue.

Andrew Sandoval, Rhino Entertainment's archivist who co-produced the company's reissue of the film, commented on the songs in a 1995 article published when the film was first reissued: "It has some of their best songs on it and, as you know, the movie's musical performances are some of the most cohesive moments in the film."

The music of the Monkees often featured rather dark subject matter beneath a superficially bright, happy sound (the song "Last Train to Clarksville", for instance, is actually about a young man who has been drafted, and is trying to arrange one last date with his girlfriend before he ships out); the music of the film takes the darkness and occasional satirical elements of the Monkees' earlier tunes and makes it far more overt, as in "Ditty Diego - War Chant", or "Daddy's Song," which has Jones singing an upbeat, Broadway-style number about a boy abandoned by his father (Sadly, Jones' own father, Harry, died just prior to "Head"'s release).

The soundtrack includes:
*"Porpoise Song (Theme from Head)" (Gerry Goffin / Carole King)
*"Ditty Diego - War Chant" (Rafelson/Nicholson)
*"Circle Sky" (Michael Nesmith)
*"Can You Dig It" (Peter Tork)
*"As We Go Along" (Carole King/Toni Stern)
*"Daddy's Song" (Harry Nilsson)
*"Long Title: Do I Have to Do This All Over Again?" (Peter Tork)

Cast

* Peter Tork
* David Jones
* Micky Dolenz
* Michael Nesmith
* Annette Funicello as Minnie
* Timothy Carey as Lord High ‘n’ Low
* Logan Ramsey as Officer Faye Lapid
* Abraham Sofaer as Swami
* Vito Scotti as I. Vitteloni
* Charles Macaulay as Inspector Shrink
* T.C. Jones as Mr. & Mrs. Ace
* Charles Irving as Mayor Feedback
* William Bagdad as Black Sheik
* Percy Helton as Heraldic Messenger
* Sonny Liston as Extra
* Ray Nitschke as Private One
* Carol Doda as Sally Silicone
* Frank Zappa as The Critic
* June Fairchild as The Jumper
* Teri Garr as Testy True
* I.J. Jefferson as Lady Pleasure
* Victor Mature as The Big Victor
* Nguyen Van Lem as himself (execution footage)

"Reversed" Cast

* Srebmahc Yrret as Oreh (Terry Chambers as Hero)
* Snrub Ekim as Gnihton (Mike Burns as Nothing)
* Drapehs as Rehtse Rehtom (Shepard as Mother Esther)
* Iksotsleh Enitsirk as Dneirf Lrig (Kristine Helstoski as Girl Friend)
* Namffoh Nhoj as Dneifxes Eht (John Hoffman as The Sexfiend)
* Revaew Adnil as Yraterces Revol (Linda Weaver as Lover Secretary)
* Yelnah Mij as Frodis (Jim Hanley as Sidorf)

On screen, these credits actually appeared backwards

Crew

* Directed by Bob Rafelson
* Written and Produced by Bob Rafelson and Jack Nicholson
* Incidental Music Composed and Conducted by Ken Thorne
* Director of Photography: Michel Hugo
* Art Director: Sidney Z. Litwack
* Film Editor: Mike Pozen, A.C.E.
* Set Decorator: Ned Parsons
* Property Master: Jack Williams
* Costumes: Gene Ashman
* Special Effects: Chuck Gaspar
* Photographic Effects: Butler-Glouner
* Color by Technicolor
* Choreography: Toni Basil
* Music Coordinator: Igo Kantor
* Music Editing: Synchrofilm Inc.
* Sound Recorder: Les Fresholtz
* Sound Effects: Edit-Rite, Co.
* Re-Recording: Producers Sound Service
* Unit Production Manager: Harold Schnieder
* Special Color Effects: Burton Gershfield, Bruce Lane
* Assistant Director: Jon Andersen
* Assistant To The Producers: Marilyn Schlossberg
* Executive Producer: Bert Schneider
* A Raybert Production of A Columbia Pictures Release

References

*The first and final scenes which play the Porpoise Song were the basis for Incubus' original music video for "Wish You Were Here."

*Arguably a major reason for the film's flop is that many theaters demanded, and got, a change in rating from a G to a Mature rating due to the psychedelic nature of the film (with posters that say it was for mature audiences only). even though there was no nudity, no foul language, and very little violence (most notably the Nguyan footage).

Home video release history

* September 18, 1986 (VHS, Beta & Laserdisc)
* January 25, 1995 (VHS)
* June 12, 2000 (DVD)

External links

*imdb title|0063049|Head
* [http://www.rhino.com/rzine/StoryKeeper.lasso?StoryID=155 Review of the film by a Rhino employee] , from the company's website
* [http://members.tripod.com/~ahiii/movie.html The "HEAD" page] , from [http://members.tripod.com/~ahiii/monkeesfilmTV.html The Monkees Film & TV Vault]