Turboshaft

Turboshaft

A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine which is optimized to produce shaft power, rather than jet thrust. In principle a turboshaft engine is similar to a turbojet, except the former features additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust and convert it into output shaft power. Ideally there should be little residual thrust energy in the exhaust and the power turbine should be free to run at whatever speed the load demands.

Overview

The general layout of a turboshaft is similar to that of a turboprop, the main difference being the latter produces some residual propulsion thrust to supplement that produced by the shaft driven propeller. Another difference is that with a turboshaft the main gearbox is part of the vehicle (e.g. helicopter rotor reduction gearbox), not the engine. Virtually all turboshafts have a "free" power turbine, although this is also generally true for modern turboprop engines. At a given power output, compared to the equivalent piston engine, a turboshaft is extremely compact and, consequently, lightweight.

Uses

The name turboshaft is most commonly applied to engines driving:
* ships,
* helicopters,
* tanks,
* locomotives
* hovercraft
* stationary machines

History

The first true turboshaft engine was built by the French engine firm Turbomeca, led by the founder, Joseph Szydlowski. In 1948 they built the first French-designed turbine engine, the 100shp 782. In 1950 this work was used to develop the larger 280shp Artouste, which was widely used on the Aérospatiale Alouette II and other helicopters.

Modern engines

Today almost all engines are built so that power-take-off is independent of engine speed, using the free turbine stage. This has two advantages:
# It allows a helicopter rotor or propeller to spin at any speed instead of being geared directly to the compressor turbine.
# It allows the engine to be split into two sections, the "hot section" containing the majority of the engine, and the separate power-take-off, allowing the hot-section to be removed for easier maintenance. This leads to slightly larger engines—compare the Pratt & Whitney PT-6 and similar models from Garrett Systems, for instance—but for the speed ranges served by these engines it is considered to be unimportant. Today practically all smaller turbine engines come in both turboprop and turboshaft versions, differing primarily in their accessory systems.

ee also

*Jet engine performance
*Jet aircraft
*Jetboat
*Turbofan
*Turbojet
*Turboprop
*Jet engine
*Ramjet
*Spacecraft propulsion
*Supercharger
*Turbocharger
*Gas turbine
*Kurt Schreckling who built practical jet engines for model aircraft
*MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE, a turboshaft-powered superbike

External links

*


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • turboshaft — /terr boh shaft , shahft /, n. Aeron. a gas turbine used to deliver shaft power, as to a helicopter rotor. Also called turboshaft engine. [1955 60; TURBO + SHAFT] * * * …   Universalium

  • turboshaft engine — A gas turbine engine that delivers power through a shaft to drive a transmission, which in turn operates something other than a propeller normally the rotor of a helicopter. The maximum amount of heat energy is converted into torque to drive the… …   Aviation dictionary

  • turboshaft — noun Date: 1958 a gas turbine engine that is similar in operation to a turboprop engine but instead of being used to power a propeller is used through a transmission system for powering other devices (as helicopter rotors and pumps) …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • turboshaft — noun A gas turbine engine designed to transmit power by means of a geared shaft, used in helicopters and for land and marine vehicular and stationary applications. See Also: turbine, turbojet, turbofan, turboprop …   Wiktionary

  • turboshaft — noun a gas turbine engine in which the turbine drives a shaft other than a propeller shaft …   English new terms dictionary

  • turboshaft — tur·bo·shaft …   English syllables

  • turboshaft — tur•bo•shaft [[t]ˈtɜr boʊˌʃæft, ˌʃɑft[/t]] n. aer. a gas turbine used to deliver shaft power, as to a helicopter rotor. Also called tur′boshaft en gine • Etymology: 1955–60 …   From formal English to slang

  • turboshaft — n. a gas turbine that powers a shaft for driving heavy vehicles, generators, pumps, etc …   Useful english dictionary

  • Bell 204/205 — For an overview of the whole Huey family of aircraft see Bell Huey Infobox Aircraft name=Bell 204 / 205 caption=Kern County (California) Fire Department s Bell 205 departs from the Mojave Spaceport type=Multipurpose utility helicopter… …   Wikipedia

  • CH-46 Sea Knight — Infobox Aircraft name=CH 46 Sea Knight caption=CH 46 Sea Knight type=Cargo helicopter manufacturer= Vertol Aircraft Corp. Boeing Vertol designer= first flight=August 1962 introduction=1964 retired=2004 09 04 (USN) Planned 2014 (USMC)… …   Wikipedia

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