O. D. Jennings

Infobox Defunct Company
company_name = O. D. Jennings & Company
company_
fate = Merger
foundation = 1906 (as Industry Novelty Company, Incorporated)
defunct = 1980s
location = Chicago
industry = slot machines, pinball and vending machines
key_people = Ode D. Jennings (founder)

Ode D. Jennings (6 September 1874 - 21 November 1953) was the founder and president of the eponymous O. D. Jennings & Company of Chicago, which was once a leading manufacturer of slot machines in the United States and also manufactured other coin-operated machines, including pinball machines. On the death of its founder, the company was succeeded by Jennings & Company.

History

Ode D. Jennings was born in Kentucky on 6 September 1874.cite web|url=http://members.aol.com/vintslots3/html/|title=How Could O. D. Jennings Be Forgotten?|author=Richard Bueschel|date=1995|accessdate=2006-09-03]

Ode D. Jennings worked for the Mills Novelty Company and ran "The Spectatorium", a penny arcade, for that company at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri).cite book|title=Jennings Slot Machines 1906-1990: Ilustrated Historical, Maintenance and Repair Guide to Jennings Mechanical and Electromechanical 3-Reel Bell Machines|date=1992-06-15|author=Richard Bueschel reviewed by Julius Sciarra at http://www.gameroommagazine.com/index.php?main_page=pubs_product_book_info&products_id=93 gameroommagazine.com] ]

In 1906, Ode Jennings established Industry Novelty Company, Incorporated. Its business was the refurbishment of slot machines manufactured by Mills.

Ode Jennings acquired United States patent 1,403,933, granted on 17 January 1922, for an improved mechanical coin-selecting device. The improvement related to the ejection of coins that were too small. [>cite web|url=http://www.uspto.gov/index.html|title = US Patent 1,403,933|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|accessdate=2006-09-02]

In July 1923, O. D. Jennings & Co. had purchased out of liquidation the business of the Garbell Typewriter Corporation of Chicago, which manufactured the GAR-BELL portable typewriter, invented by Max Garbell. Despite further improvements, which were protected by patents, the machine was a failure in the market. [cite journal|title=The Victor Portable|author=Will Davis|month=March|year=2006|journal=ETCetera Journal of the Early Typewriter Collectors' Association|url=http://staff.xu.edu/~polt/typewriters/ETCeteraSample.pdf#search=%22%22o.%20d.%20%20jennings%22%20patent%22]

In 1925, Ode Jennings moved to a house at what would become known as 220 Civic Drive (originally Schaumburg Road) in the village of Schaumburg, Illinois. The house would remain his home until his death.

On 24 November 1925, Ode Jennings was granted, as inventor, United States patent 1,562,771 for an improved mechanical coin-control apparatus. The improved apparatus was said to be more efficient and to prevent subsequent coins jamming the apparatus while the first coin was being accepted. [>cite web|url=http://www.uspto.gov/index.html|title=US Patent 1,562,771|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|accessdate=2006-09-02]

Between 1935 and 1936, O. D. Jennings & Co. manufactured a payout pinball machine called the "Sportsman". The device was a gambling device, more akin to a slot machine than a modern pinball table. [cite web|url=http://www.sandsmuseum.com/coinop/games/sportsman/sportsman.html|title=The Sands Mechanical Museum: Sportsman Restoration|date=October 2003|accessdate=2006-09-03|author=Lynne and Michael Sands] Some of the technology in the machine was protected by United States patent 2,003,349, granted to inventor Clifford R. Dumble. [>cite web|url=http://www.uspto.gov/index.html|title=US Patent 2,003,349|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|accessdate=2006-09-02]

On 21 November 1953, aged 79, Ode Jennings died at home in Schaumburg, Illinois after 47 years at the helm of the company he had founded. He left everything to his wife, Jeannette Isle Jennings; they had no children; on the condition that it was denoted to his church and local hospitals on her death. On 19 March 1954 Jennings & Company was incorporated under the laws of Illinois and it purchased the assets of O. D. Jennings & Company from the estate of Ode Jennings.

On 15 May 1957 Jennings & Company was merged into Hershey Manufacturing Company of Illinois, a company that had been incorporated on 27 April 1939. Over 80% of the business of Hershey Manufacturing then comprised the manufacture and sale of slot machines through its Jennings division, although it also engaged in governmental subcontract work and the manufacture of vending machines and photoflash equipment.cite book|title=Gambling Devices|publisher=U.S. Govt. Print. Off.|author=United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce|date=1962|page=124]

By the early 1960s, there were five major manufacturers of slot machines in the United States. The table below sets out their approximate comparative percentages of sales:

By the early 1960s, the business had been acquired by American Machine and Science Company (AMSC) owned by Wallace Carroll. AMSC also acquired Bell-O-Matic Corporation, and the two companies were merged to form TJM Corporation. TJM Corporation was run by two brothers, Tony Mills and John Mills. The merged company failed to compete successfully with the electro/mechanical models produced by Bally and also suffered because Bell-O-Matic had not protected its intellectual property rights in Japan. The company ceased trading in the 1980s. [Feddy Bailey, quoted at cite web|url=http://www.flippers-jukeboxes.net/viewtopic.php?t=15768&sid=664b601af134da845af6d32e43356246|title=Mécanique électrifiée ??|publisher=Flippers-jukeboxes.net|accessdate=2006-08-30]

In 1963, after the death of Jeannette Isle Jennings, the Jennings family house and surrounding lands were donated to the village of Schaumburg, Illinois and were used as the village hall until 1971. A gift of US$500,000 was denoted to the Northwestern Memorial Hospital of Chicago in November 1963 (then called the Passavant Memorial Hospital) and used to fund part of the construction of the "Ode D. Jennings Pavilion", which opened in May 1966.

References