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Oghuz languages

Oghuz languages
This article is about a major branch of the Turkic language family. For other uses, see Oghuz.
Oghuz
Southwestern Turkic
Geographic
distribution:		 Map-Oguz Language World.png
Linguistic classification: Turkic
  • Oghuz
Subdivisions:
Turkish Group
Azerbaijani Group
Turkmen Group
Southern Oghuz group

The Oghuz languages, a major branch of the Turkic language family, are spoken by more than 110 million people in an area spanning from the Balkans to China.

Contents

Linguistic features

The Oghuz languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of these features are shared with other Turkic languages; others are unique to the Oghuz family.

Shared features

Unique features

  • Voicing of stops before front vowels (e.g. gör- < kör- "to see")
  • Loss of q/ɣ after ɨ/u (e.g. quru < quruq "dry", sarɨ < sarɨɣ "yellow")
  • Change in form of participial -gan- to -an-

Classification

The Oghuz languages may be broken down into three main groups, based on geography and shared features:

An outlying language, Salar, is spoken by about 70,000 people in China.

Two languages, Crimean Tatar and Urum are historically Kypchak languages, but have been so heavily influenced by Oghuz languages that it is difficult to classify them definitively as either Oghuz or Kypchak.

The extinct Pecheneg language is likely Oghuz, but as it is poorly documented, it is difficult to further classify it within the Oghuz family.[citation needed]

See also

References

  • Johanson, Lars and Csató, Éva Ágnes (1998). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08200-5. 
  • Menges, Karl H. (1995). The Turkic Languages and Peoples. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03533-1. 

External links

v · d · eTurkic languages
Italics indicate extinct languages
Oghur
Bulgar3 · Chuvash · Hunnic · Khazar · Turkic Avar
Uyghuric
Old Turkic · Aini1 · Chagatai · Ili Turki · Lop · Uyghur · Uzbek
Kypchak
Altay · Baraba · Bashkir · Crimean Tatar2 · Cuman · Fergana Kipchak · Karachay-Balkar · Karaim · Karakalpak · Kazakh · Kipchak · Krymchak · Kumyk · Kyrgyz · Nogai · Old Tatar · Tatar · Urum2
Oghuz
Arghu
Siberian
1 Mixed language.   2 Also Oghuz.   3 Classification disputed.

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