Manuel Sandoval Vallarta

Manuel Sandoval Vallarta
Born	11 February 1899(1899-02-11) Mexico City
Died	18 April 1977(1977-04-18) (aged 78) Mexico City
Residence	Mexico United States Germany
Nationality	Mexican
Institutions	MIT UNAM
Alma mater	MIT
Notable students	Richard Feynman and Julius Stratton
Known for	Cosmic ray research
Notable awards	Légion d'honneur (France, 1952); National Prize for Exact Sciences (Mexico, 1961)[1]
Spouse	María Luisa Margain

Manuel Sandoval Vallarta (11 February 1899 – 18 April 1977) was a Mexican physicist. He was a Physics professor at both MIT and the Institute of Physics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

Sandoval Vallarta was born in Mexico City into a family that descended from Ignacio Vallarta, a prominent liberal leader during the War of Reform.^[1] He received his S.B. in physics from MIT in 1921; in 1924, MIT awarded him his Ph.D. He joined MIT's physics faculty in 1923, eventually rising to the rank of full professor. In 1927, Vallarta received a two-year Guggenheim Fellowship to study physics in Germany. The Universities of Berlin and Leipzig hosted him, and he was able to learn from Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Erwin Schrödinger, and Werner Heisenberg.

While at MIT, Vallarta was a mentor to Richard Feynman and Julius Stratton. In fact, he was the co-author of Feynman's first scientific publication, a letter to Physical Review concerning the scattering of cosmic rays. This led to an interesting Feynman story:

Vallarta let his student in on a secret of mentor-protégé publishing: the senior scientist's name comes first. Feynman had his revenge a few years later, when Heisenberg concluded an entire book in cosmic rays with the phrase: "such an effect is not to be expected according to Vallarta and Feynman." When they next met, Feynman asked gleefully whether Vallarta had seen Heisenberg's book. Vallarta knew why Feynman was grinning. "Yes," he replied. "You're the last word in cosmic rays." ^[2]

With Georges Lemaître, a Belgian physicist and churchman, Vallarta discovered that the intensity of cosmic rays varied with latitude because these charged particles are interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. They also worked on a theory of primary cosmic radiation and applied it to their investigations of the sun's magnetic field and the effects of the galaxy's rotation.

From 1943 to 1946, he divided his time between MIT and UNAM. By 1946, he chose to remain with UNAM full-time.

While at UNAM, he worked with Luis Alvarez and Arthur Compton on experiments to show that cosmic rays were composed of protons.

Later in life, Vallarta became involved in administration. In 1946, he became a member of the governing board of UNAM, and was director of the National Polytechnic Institute from 1944 to 1947. He served on and led a number of commissions for the Mexican government, mostly relating to science policy, and represented his country at numerous international conferences.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} El Colegio Nacional. "Manuel Sandoval Vallarta" (in Spanish). http://www.colegionacional.org.mx/SACSCMS/XStatic/colegionacional/template/content.aspx?se=vida&te=detallemiembro&mi=105. Retrieved 2008-06-13. 
2. ^ Gleick, James (1992). Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. New York: Vintage Books. p. 81. 

See also

• MIT Physics Department

Persondata
Name	Sandoval Vallarta, Manuel
Alternative names	Vallarta, Manuel
Short description	Mexican physicist, member of The National College
Date of birth	1899-02-11
Place of birth	Mexico City, Mexico
Date of death	1977-04-18
Place of death	Mexico City, Mexico