Georg Stiernhielm

Georg Stiernhielm (August 7, 1598 – April 22, 1672) was a Swedish civil servant, linguist and poet. Stiernhielm was born in a middle-class family in the village Svartskär in Vika parish in Dalarna. The surname Stiernhielm, literally "Star Helmet", was taken in later life when he was raised into the Swedish nobility.

He grew up in the Bergslagen region where his father worked with the mining industry. Stiernhielm received his first schooling at Västerås, but he was also educated in Germany and the Netherlands.

He was a pioneer of linguistics, and even if many of his conclusions later proved wrong they were accepted by his contemporaries. Stiernhielm tried to prove that Gothic, which he equated with Old Norse was the origin of all languages, as well as the Nordic countries was Vagina gentium, the human birth place.

His most famous work is "Hercules", an epic poem in hexameter, about how Hercules in his youth is being tempted by "Fru Lusta" ("Mrs. Lust") and her daughters to choose a bad lifestyle for his future. The allegory can be traced back to the Athenian sophist Prodicus of Ceos, as preserved in Xenophon.

Stiernhielm was the first Swedish poet to apply the verse meters of antique poets on the Swedish language, modifying their principle of long and short syllables to a principle of stressed and unstressed syllables, which applies better to the phonology of Swedish, using principles first developed by Martin Opitz and later theoretically applied to Swedish by Andreas Arvidi. That made him known as "the father of Swedish poetry".