CueCat

CueCat barcode scanner

The CueCat is a cat-shaped handheld barcode reader that was developed in early 1990s and released in 1999 by the now defunct Digital Convergence Corporation, which connected to computers using the PS/2 keyboard port and USB. The CueCat enabled a user to open a link to an Internet URL by scanning a barcode — called a "cue" by Digital Convergence — appearing in an article or catalog or on some other printed matter. In this way, a user could be directed to a web page containing related information without having to enter a URL. The company asserted that the ability of the device to direct users to a specific URL, rather than a domain name, was valuable.^[1] In addition, TV broadcasters could use an audio tone in programs and/or commercials that, when attached to a computer (via an audio cable), acted as a web address shortcut.^[2] The system is no longer in operation, although more than 117 scan commerce and scan to connect patents developed by the company during its inception have been licensed to 103 consumer and commercial equipment manufacturers, services and enterprises.^{[citation needed]}

The CueCat communicated to desktop "CRQ" software running on Windows 32-bit and Mac OS 9 operating systems. Users of this software were required to register with their ZIP code, gender, and email address. This registration process enabled the device to deliver relevant content to a single or multiple users in a household. The systems using this registration process are no longer available on the Internet, and codes cannot be generated for the device. However, third-party software can decode the lightweight encryption in the device.

Introduction

A CueCat "cue". The bars are tilted 22.5° to the left, both for stylistic reasons and to avoid Lemelson parallel barcode patent concerns.

The CueCat was invented by J. Jovan Philyaw, who changed his name to J. Hutton Pulitzer.^[3][4] Belo Corporation, then parent company of the Dallas Morning News and owner of many TV stations, invested US$37.5 million in Digital Convergence, Radio Shack $30 million, Young & Rubicam $28 million and Coca-Cola $10 million.^[5] The total amount invested was $185 million.^[6]

In late 2000, advertisements, special web editions and editorial content containing CueCat barcodes appeared for more than a year in many U.S. periodicals, including Parade magazine, Forbes magazine and Wired magazine. Commercial publications such as AdWeek, BrandWeek and MediaWeek also employed the technology. The CueCat bar codes also appeared in select Verizon Yellow Pages, providing advertisers a link to additional information. For a time, RadioShack published their product catalogs containing these barcodes and distributed CueCat devices through their retail chain to customers at no charge. CueCats were also bulk mailed (unsolicited) to certain mailing lists, such as subscribers of technology magazines Forbes and Wired. For roughly a year starting in October 2000, The Dallas Morning News and other Belo-owned newspapers added the barcodes next to major articles and regular features like stocks and weather.

In the Wall Street Journal, Walter Mossberg criticized CueCat: "In order to scan in codes from magazines and newspapers, you have to be reading them in front of your PC. That's unnatural and ridiculous." Mossberg wrote that the device "fails miserably. Using it is just unnatural." He concluded that the CueCat "isn't worth installing and using, even though it's available free of charge".^[7] Joel Spolsky, a computer technology reviewer, also criticized the device as "not solving a problem" and characterized the venture as a "feeble business idea".^[8]

The data format was proprietary, being scrambled so as not to be usable as plain text. However, the barcode itself is closely related to Code 128, and the scanner was also capable of reading EAN/UPC and other symbologies. Because of the weak obfuscation of the data, meant only to protect the company under DMCA guidelines (like the DVD protection Content Scramble System), the software for decoding the CueCat's output quickly appeared on the Internet, followed by a plethora of unofficial applications.

:CRQ (a word play on "see our cue") is software developed by Digital Convergence intended to convert "cues" from television signals and the :CueCat bar code reader into URLs. The television technology was launched in 1996 on the television series Net Talk Live! and made its network debut on NBC during its "Must See TV" programming and used a computer sound card to decode a tone and launch a web site.

Failure

The CueCat has been widely described as a commercial failure. It was listed one of "The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time" by PC World magazine.^[9] The CueCat's critics said the device was ultimately of little use: wrote Jeff Salkowski of the Chicago Tribune, "You have to wonder about a business plan based on the notion that people want to interact with a soda can," while Debbie Barham of the Evening Standard quipped that the CueCat "fails to solve a problem which never existed."^[10] In December 2009, the popular gadget blog Gizmodo voted the CueCat the #1 worst invention of the "2000s" decade.^[11]

The CueCat device was controversial, initially because of privacy concerns of its collecting of aggregate user data.^[12][13] Each CueCat has a unique serial number, and users suspected that Digital Convergence could compile a database of all barcodes scanned by a given user and connect it to the user's name and address. For this reason, and because the demographic market targeted by Digital Convergence was unusually tech-savvy, numerous web sites arose detailing instructions for "declawing" the CueCat — blocking or encrypting the data it sent to Digital Convergence. The site digitaldemographics.com was also registered through Digital Convergence, which also gave credence to privacy concerns about the use of data. The database utilized the unique serial number within each device to determine the viability of deployment through retail, magazine and other distribution partners. Any data collected was aggregated anonymously much like other serialized and identifiable devices such as TiVo have been employing since 1999.^{[citation needed]}

The company's response to these hacks was to assert that users did not own the devices and had no right to modify or reverse engineer them. Threats of legal action against the hackers swiftly brought on more controversy and criticism. The company's licensing agreement was changed several times, adding explicit restrictions, apparently in response to hacker activity. Hackers argued that the changes did not apply retroactively to devices that had been purchased under older versions of the license, and that the thousands of users who received unsolicited CueCats in the mail had neither agreed to nor were legally bound by the license. No lawsuit was ever brought against "hackers," as this tactic was not employed to go after specific users or the hacker community specifically, but to show "reasonable assertion" that would prevent a corporation from developing integrated software within an operating system or browser which could take over the device and circumvent the CRQ watchdog software and therefore revenue model that Digital Convergence employed.^{[citation needed][clarification needed]}

Investors in CueCat lost their $185 million. Technology journalist Scott Rosenberg called the CueCat a "Rube Goldberg contraption", a "massive flop" and a "fiasco".^[5]

Security breach

In September 2000, security watchdog website Securitywatch.com notified Digital Convergence of a security vulnerability on the Digital Convergence website that exposed private information about CueCat users. Digital Convergence immediately shut down that part of their website, and their investigation concluded that approximately 140,000 CueCat users who had registered their CueCat were exposed to a breach that revealed their name, email address, age range, gender and zip code. This was not a breach of the main user database itself, but a flat text file used only for reporting purposes that was generated by ColdFusion code that was saved on a publicly available portion of the Digital Convergence web server.

Digital Convergence responded to this security breach by sending an email to those affected by the incident claiming that it was correcting this problem and would be offering them a $10 gift certificate to Radio Shack, an investor in Digital Convergence.

Awards

In 2001, Computerworld named CueCat as a Laureate in the Media Arts & Entertainment category.^[14]

The Software and Information Industry Association gave Digital Convergence Corporation a 2001 Codie award for Best Reference Tool for the CRQ Technology software that controlled the CueCat device.^[15]

Availability

In June 2005, a liquidator offered two million CueCats for sale at $0.30 each (in quantities of 500,000 or more).^[16]

The bar code scanner itself is still being sold on secondary marketplace sites like Amazon and eBay. The booklover social networking site LibraryThing sells USB CueCats to aid with scanning ISBN barcodes for entering books into the site.^[17]

Website

Although Digital Convergence and the CueCat system are generally assumed to be defunct, the Digital Convergence website remained as a ghost site through 2004. Previously, the website contained the following statement:

The dream was to connect items in the physical world to the Internet, automatically. In January that dream hit a bump in the road and the servers were taken offline. They will scan again… If you have a Cue Cat, save it. The patents and technology created by Digital Convergence will again be available for business and consumer use.

The "bump in the road" was the bankruptcy of the company.

Legacy

Technologies popularized in the years after CueCat provide some of the same features for consumer bar code scanning and web-connected interaction. The QR code and the Microsoft Tag,^[18] have been discussed as "similar projects" to CueCat.

See also

• Mobile tagging
• QR Code

References

1. ^ Kaufman, Leslie (October 6, 2000). "Speaking in Bar Code; Personal Scanners Link Products Directly to Consumers". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/06/business/speaking-in-bar-code-personal-scanners-link-products-directly-to-consumers.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved November 10, 2001. 
2. ^ Stepanek, Marcia (September 28, 2000). "The CueCat Is on the Prowl: This gizmo is on the cutting edge of e-marketing. But with each swipe, it tracks your moves through cyberspace". Bloomberg Businessweek (New York City). http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/sep2000/nf20000928_029.htm. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
3. ^ Wilonsky, Robert (October 25, 2007). "CueCat Inventor Returns. With What? Not Quite Sure. Something To Do With Interwebs.". Dallas Observer. http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2007/10/cuecat_inventor_returns_with_w.php. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
4. ^ Celeste, Eric (April 10, 2003). "Crystal Clear". Dallas Observer. http://www.dallasobserver.com/2003-04-10/news/crystal-clear/. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Rosenberg, Scott (July 11, 2001). "CueCatastrophe: Next to the company that tried to wire Web users to bar-code scanners, money-burning dot-coms like Webvan don't look quite so bad.". Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/2001/07/11/cue_cat/. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
6. ^ Meyer, Katherine (May 3, 2006). "The Best of the Worst: CueCat Falls Flat". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB114424637699117715-OO16F7Ov3DMZcs1xpbu5ksPDTl0_20070503.html. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
7. ^ Mossberg, Walter S. (October 12, 2000). "CueCat Fails to Meet Its Promise Of Being Convenient and Useful". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB971305166620370724.html. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
8. ^ Spolsky, Joel (September 12, 2000). "Wasting Money on Cats". joelonsoftare.com. http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000037.html. Retrieved November 12, 2011. 
9. ^ The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time, PC World, May 26, 2006. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
10. ^ Evening Standard, October 16, 2001. Cited at Slashdot forum.
11. ^ Worst Gadgets Gallery at Gizmodo, December 23, 2009
12. ^ Bennett, Colin J. (2001). "Cookies, web bugs, webcams and cue cats: Patterns of surveillance on the world wide web". Ethics and Information Technology (Berlin: Springer Science+Business Media) 3 (3): 195–208. doi:10.1023/A:1012235815384. http://www.springerlink.com/content/nj747m13l58450w2/. Retrieved November 10, 2001. 
13. ^ "Curiosity killed the CueCat", Network Security 2000 (11): 2, 2000, doi:10.1016/S1353-4858(00)85003-5 
14. ^ "A Search for New Heroes". Computerworld Honors. http://www.cwhonors.org/Search/his_4a.asp?search=&cat=Media&year=2001&Submit2=Search. Retrieved November 7, 2011. 
15. ^ "2001 Codie Award Winners". CODiE AWARDS. Software and Information Industry Association. 2001. http://www.siia.net/codies/2011/pw_2001.asp. Retrieved November 8, 2011. 
16. ^ "Two million CueCats at $0.30/each". Boing Boing. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. http://web.archive.org/web/20090220141009/http://boingboing.net/2005/06/12/two-million-cuecats-.html. 
17. ^ Schubert, Siri (April 1, 2007). "Beating Oprah at the book club game". Business 2.0. http://money.cnn.com/sales/whatworks/story1.html. Retrieved 2011-11-15. 
18. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (January 8, 2009). "Microsoft Tag: The CueCat Returns on Your Mobile Phone". ReadWriteWeb. http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/microsoft_tag_the_return_of_the_cuecat.php. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 

External links

• CueCat Web site
• "Declawing" the CueCat
• Scan to Connect Patent Portfolio
• Dissecting the CueCat
• :CRQ and :CueCat, from Digital:Convergence's official (archived) web site.
• CueCat post mortem
• Scancommerce
• Collectorz.com page on current use of CueCat
• MIT Media Lab project using the CueCat to control music via a turntable-like device