Denny Abbey

Denny Abbey

Denny Abbey is a former abbey near Waterbeach, six miles (10 km) north of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England which was inhabited by a succession of three different religious orders during its history serving as a monastery.

The site, on an ancient road between Cambridge and Ely, was settled by farmers as early as the Roman period. The Domesday Book recorded that it was owned by Edith the Fair (also known as Swanneck), the consort of King Harold, in 1066 when the Normans invaded England and killed her husband. It was owned subsequently by the Breton lord, Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond.^[1]

Benedictine Monastery

A group of Benedictine monks, dependent upon Ely Abbey, moved here from their water-logged monastery at Elmeney (a vanished settlement about a mile to the northeast) in the 1150s, at the suggestion of Duke Conan IV of Brittany. They built a church and monastery, called Denny Priory, which opened in 1159. The crossing and transepts are the only parts of the original abbey that remain today. In 1169 the monks returned to Ely and the site was transferred to the Knights Templar.

Preceptory of the Knights Templars

The Templars built a number of additions, including a large Norman-style arched doorway and a Refectory. Denny became a hospital for sick members of the Order in the mid-13th century.^[2] By the end of that century, the Knights had lost their power, and in 1308 King Edward II had all the members of the Order arrested and imprisoned for alleged heresy, confiscating their property. Denny was then given to the Knights Hospitallers, who took no active interest in the property. In 1324 it was taken back by the Crown.

House of Poor Clares

Marie de Châtillon at prayer (Bibliothèque nationale de France)

In 1327 King Edward III gave the Priory to a young widow, Countess Marie de Châtillon, Countess of Pembroke (1303-1377), known for her founding of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Countess Marie built accommodations for herself in what had been the Abbey church, which she turned into her lodgings. She built a new church and gave the remainder of the priory to the Franciscan Second Order of nuns, the Order of Saint Clare, also known as the Poor Clares. This community moved from their flood-prone monastery in the nearby village of Waterbeach. The priory was expanded during this period, with comfortable quarters for the Countess, who never entered the Poor Clares, and spartan accommodations for the nuns. The priory began to be called Denny Abbey during this period, despite the fact that the term "abbey" is never used by the nuns of that Order.

Abbesses of Denny

A list of the Abbesses of Denny^[3]

• Katherine de Bolewyk, first abbess 1342, occurs 1351
• Margaret, occurs 1361
• Joan Colcestre, occurs 1379
• Isabel Kendale, occurs 1391, 1404
• Agnes Massingham, elected 1412
• Agnes Bernard, occurs 1413
• Margery Milley, occurs 1419, 1430-1
• Katherine Sybyle, occurs 1434, 1449
• Joan Keteryche, occurs 1459, 1462, died 1479
• Margaret Assheby, occurs 1480, 1487, 1493
• Elizabeth Throckmorton, occurs 1512, last abbess (who retired to live with her nephew George Throckmorton at Coughton Court)

Secular use

The abbey was closed in 1536, shortly after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and was once more taken over by the Crown. The last of the nuns had left within two years. The Abbess' lodge, originally built for the Countess, was retained as a farmhouse, and the Refectory as a barn, but the nave was demolished. In 1628 the abbey passed into private ownership. Pembroke College, Cambridge, which had also been founded by the Countess of Pembroke in 1347, bought the site in 1928.

John George Witt, the well-known barrister and Q.C./K.C. of Victorian and Edwardian England, was born at Denny Abbey in 1836. He died in London in 1906.

The Abbey, Nuns Refectory and surrounding land remained a farm until they were leased in 1947 to the Ministry of Works, which later transferred them to English Heritage. The abbey, partially restored in the 1960s, is open to the public alongside the Farmland Museum, who manage the Abbey on behalf of English Heritage.

The Farmland Museum, which opened in 1997, has a shop, cafe and an Education Centre, running courses for local schools. Farm buildings and a 17th century stone barn have been converted into displays of local history and farming, including a 1940s farm labourer's cottage, a 1930s village shop, displays on local crafts and skills. Many of the old farm tools and machinery came from a museum at Haddenham which closed. The whole site, known as Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey, is open from April to October, and there are regular special event days.^[4]

Note: The spellings Denny and Denney appear with equal frequency in the historical literature. The latter spelling is no longer used locally, in modern times.

References

1. ^ Wood, 2003
2. ^ From: 'Houses of Knights Templars: Preceptory of Denney', A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 2 (1948), pp. 259-262.
3. ^ Houses of minoresses: Abbey of Denney', A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 2 (1948), pp. 295-302.
4. ^ The Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey, accessed 5 December 2009, and Wood, 2003.

• Denny Abbey and The Farmland Museum by Richard Wood, English Heritage 2003, ISBN 1-85074-849-7
• Liber Eliensis, charter 141, 1133-1169 (a translation into English, ISBN 1-84383-015-9 was published in 2005)

External links

• The Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey
• Teachers' resource pack: English Heritage
• Visitor information: English Heritage

Coordinates: 52°17′37″N 0°11′12″E / 52.293559°N 0.186542°E / 52.293559; 0.186542