Bernard Lyot

Bernard Ferdinand Lyot (February 27 1897 in Paris – April 2 1952 in Cairo) was a French astronomer.

His interest in astronomy started in 1914. He soon acquired a convert|4|in|mm|sing=on telescope and soon upgraded to a convert|6|in|mm|sing=on. From graduation in 1918 until 1929, he worked as a demonstrator at the Ecole Polytechnique. He studied engineering, physics, and chemistry at the University of Paris, and from 1920 until his death he worked for the Meudon Observatory. In 1930 he earned the title of "Joint Astronomer of the Observatory". After gaining the title, he earned a reputation of being an expert of polarized and monochromatic light. Throughout the 1930s, he labored to perfect the coronagraph, which he invented to observe the corona without having to wait for a solar eclipse. In 1938, he showed a movie of the corona in action to the International Astronomical Union. In 1939, he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences. He became Chief Astronomer at the Meudon Observatory in 1943 and received the Bruce Medal in 1947. Tragically, he suffered a heart attack while returning for an eclipse expedition in Sudan and died on April 2, 1952, at the age of 55.

Observations and Achievements on Pic du Midi

Lunar soil behaves like volanic dust.

Mars has sandstorms.

Improved his coronagraph.

Made motion pictures of solar prominences and the corona.

Found spectral lines in the corona.

Inventions

* Coronagraph
* Lyot filter
* Lyot stop
* Lyot depolarizer

Awards and honors

Awards
* Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1939.
* Bruce Medal in 1947.
* Henry Draper Medal in 1951.

Named for him
* Lyot crater on the Moon.
* Lyot crater on Mars.
* Minor planet 2452 Lyot.

References

* [http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Lyot/index.html Bruce medallists]