Titian Peale

Infobox Artist
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name = Titian Ramsay Peale


imagesize = 200px
caption = Titian Ramsay Peale
birthname = Titian Ramsay Peale
birthdate = Birth date|1799|11|2
location =
deathdate = death date and age|1885|3|13|1799|11|2
deathplace =
nationality = American
field = Drawing and Watercolor
Natural history
Entomology
Photography
training = Charles Wilson Peale
Thomas Say
movement =
works = American Philosophical Society
patrons =
influenced by = Charles Wilson Peale
influenced =
awards =

Titian Ramsay Peale (born November 2, 1799; died March 13, 1885) was a noted American artist, naturalist, entomologist and photographer. He was the sixteenth and youngest son of noted American naturalist Charles Willson Peale.

Biography

Peale was first exposed to the study of natural history while assisting his father on his many excursions in search of specimens for the Peale Museum. The family moved to Germantown, Pennsylvania, outside of Philadelphia, where he began collecting and drawing insects and butterflies. Like his older brothers, Peale helped his father in the preservation of the museum's specimens for display, which included contributions from George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

His drawings were published in Thomas Say's "American Entomology" as early as 1816, and he was soon after elected to the Academy of Natural Sciences.Peale took part in the 1817 expedition of the Academy of Natural Sciences to Florida and Georgia, together with Thomas Say, George Ord and William Maclure. He was assistant to Say on the expedition to the Rocky Mountains led by Stephen Harriman Long in 1819. The collection submitted to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia from this expedition included 122 drawings by Peale. He acquired a wild turkey for the museum's collections.

Peale provided illustrations for Say's "American Entomology" (1824-28) and Charles Lucien Bonaparte's "American Ornithology" (1825-33). He also undertook a collecting expedition to Florida on behalf of Bonaparte.

In 1831, Peale published a pamphlet known as "Circular of the Philadelphia Museum: Containing Direction for the preservation and preparation of objects of natural history". The Peale museum continued to gain a worldwide reputation. He developed an effective method for storing butterflies in sealed cases with glass fronts and backs. As a result, parts of his collection have been preserved until the present day. His meticulous collection of over 100 separate butterfly species was often praised for the brilliance and vibrancy of the insects' colors.

In 1838, two years after Charles Darwin had returned from his voyage on the "Beagle", Peale took leave from his work at the museum to sail aboard the "Peacock" as chief naturalist for the United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 led by Lt. Charles Wilkes. As chief naturalist, he collected and preserved various specimens of natural history, many of which he packed and shipped back to the museum. Peale's post-expedition report, "Mammalia and Ornithology" (1848), was suppressed due to objections by Wilkes and John Cassin. Cassin was hired to produce a corrected volume, which was published in 1858. During the expedition, Wilkes named Peale Passage after Titian Peale. [cite book |last= Phillips |first= James W. |title= Washington State Place Names |year= 1971 |publisher= University of Washington Press |isbn= 0-295-95158-3]

On May 1, 1843, financial pressures forced Peale to sell the bankrupt museum at a sheriff's sale to Isaac Brown Parker. Then Peale went on to work for the U.S. Patent Office and to become a pioneer American photographer.

Public collections and legacy

*Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas
*Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan
*Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii
*Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska
*Museum of Nebraska Art, University of Nebraska
*National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.
*Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia
*Reading Public Museum, Reading, Pennsylvania
*Westmoreland Museum of American Art, Greensburg, Pennsylvania
*Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut
*Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, holds Peale's butterfly and moth collections
*Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, holds additional specimens collected by Peale
*American Museum of Natural History, New York City, holds Titian Ramsey Peale's unpublished manuscript of "The Butterflies of North America"

Books and Publications

* cite book
last = Poesch
first = Jessie Peale
authorlink = Jessie Peale Poesch
coauthors =
year = 1961
title = Titian Ramsay Peale And His Journals of The Wilkes Expedition, 1799-1885
publisher = American Philosophical Society
location =
id =
* cite book
last = Sellers
first = Charles Coleman
authorlink = Charles Coleman Sellers
coauthors =
year = 1980
title = Mr. Peale's Museum
publisher = W. W. Norton & Company
location =
id =

References

External links

* [http://data.acnatsci.org/peale/ The Historic Titian Peale Butterfly and Moth Collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences]
* [http://www.amphilsoc.org/exhibitions/undaunted.html Exhibit at the Museum of the American Philosophical Society featuring T. R. Peale's voyage with the US Exploring Expedition]
* [http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/p/pealetr.htm Collection of Titian Ramsay Peale sketches at the American Philosophical Society Library.]