Orientalizing Period

Orientalizing Period

In the history of Ancient Greece the Orientalizing Period is the cultural and art historical period informed by the art of Syria and Phoenicia, which started during the later part of the 8th century BCE. It encompasses a new, Orientalizing style, spurred by a period of increased cultural interchange in the Aegean world. The period is characterized by a shift from the prevailing Geometric Style to a style with different sensibilities, which were inspired by the East. The intensity of the cultural interchange during this period is sometimes compared to that of the Late Bronze Age.

Background

During this period, the Assyrians advanced along the Mediterranean coast, accompanied by Greek mercenaries, who were also active in the armies of Psammeticus in Egypt. The new groups started to compete with established Greek merchants. In other parts of the Aegean world similar population moves occurred. Phoenicians settled in Cyprus and in western regions of Greece, while Greeks established trading colonies at Al Mina, Syria, and in Ischia (Pithecusae) off the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy. These interchanges led to a period of intensive borrowing in which the Greeks adapted cultural features from the Semitic East into their art. (Burkert 1992:128 et passim).

New materials and skills

Massive imports of raw materials, including metals, and a new mobility among foreign craftsmen caused new craft skills to be introduced in Greece. In "The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age", Walter Burkert described the new movement in Greek art as a revolution: "With bronze reliefs, textiles, seals, and other products, a whole world of eastern images was opened up which the Greeks were only too eager to adopt and adapt in the course of an "orientalizing revolution" (Burkert 1992:128). Many Greek myths originated in attempts to interpret and integrate foreign icons in terms of Greek cult and practice.

Impact on myth and literature

Some Greek myths reflect Mesopotamian literary classics. Burkert (1992:41-88) has argued that it was migrating seers and healers who transmitted their skills in divination and purification ritual along with elements of their mythological wisdom. He has suggested direct literary Eastern influence in the Homeric literature. The intense encounter during the orientalizing period also introduced the Phoenician alphabet in Greece, which caused a spectacular leap in literacy and literary production, as the oral traditions of the epic began to be transcribed into leather scrolls.

The Orientalizing style in pottery

In Attic pottery, the distinctive Orientalizing style known as "proto-Attic" was marked by floral and animal motifs; it was the first time descernibly Greek religious and mythological themes were represented in vase painting. The bodies of men and animals were depicted in silhouette, though their heads were drawn in outline; women were drawn completely in outline.

At the other important center of this period, Corinth, the orientalizing influence started earlier, though the tendency there was to produce smaller, highly detailed vases in the "proto-Corinthian" style which prefigured the black-figure technique.

Cultural predominance of the East, identified archaeologically by the presenve of pottery, ivory and metalwork of eastern origin in Hellenic sites, soon gave way to thorough Hellenization of imported features in the Archaic Period that followed. In the West, Etruscan civilization passed through an Orientalizing period approximately at the same time, ca. 730-580 BCE.

From the mid-sixth century, the growth of Achaemenid power in the eastern ernd of the Aegean and in Asia Minor, reduced the quantity of eastern goods found in Greek sites, as the Persians began to conquer Greek cities in Ionia, along the coast of Asia Minor..

References

* Payne, H., "Protocorinthian Vase-Painting", 1933
* Boardman, J., "Early Greek Vase Painting: 11th-6th centuries BC", 1998
* Burkert, W. "The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age", 1992.

External links

* [http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/worlds_intertwined/etruscan/orientalizing.shtml The Orientalizing Period in the Etruscan World] - University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Orientalizing period — Neck of a Proto Attic loutrophoros by the Analatos Painter. In the history of ancient Greece, the Orientalizing period is the cultural and art historical period informed by the art of Anatolia, Syria, Assyria, Phoenicia and …   Wikipedia

  • ORIENTALIZING —    The term traditionally applied to a distribution of orientally inspired material culture and to the chronological phase in which this distribution occurred (broadly, the eighth and seventh centuries BC). By extension, the term applies to a… …   Historical Dictionary of the Etruscans

  • Archaic period in Greece — The archaic period in Greece (750 BCndash 480 BC) is a period of Ancient Greek history. The term originated in the 18th century and has been standard since. This term arose from the study of Greek art, where it refers to styles mainly of surface… …   Wikipedia

  • Pottery of ancient Greece — Bilingual amphora by the Andokides Painter, ca. 520 BC (Munich) As the result of its relative durability, pottery is a large part of the archaeological record of Ancient Greece, and because there is so much of it (some 100,000 vases are recorded… …   Wikipedia

  • ancient Italic people — ▪ people Introduction       any of the peoples diverse in origin, language, traditions, stage of development, and territorial extension who inhabited pre Roman Italy, a region heavily influenced by neighbouring Greece (ancient Greek civilization) …   Universalium

  • Western sculpture — ▪ art Introduction       three dimensional artistic forms produced in what is now Europe and later in non European areas dominated by European culture (such as North America) from the Metal Ages (Europe, history of) to the present.       Like… …   Universalium

  • Etruscan jewelry — This article refers to the jewelry of the Etruscan civilization and its differences in various eras. Villanovan EraDuring the Villanovan Era, there was very little jewellery which has remained for discovery in modern times. The Villanovan… …   Wikipedia

  • painting, Western — ▪ art Introduction       history of Western painting from its beginnings in prehistoric times to the present.       Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment (but see also drawing for discussion of depictions in …   Universalium

  • ETRUSCAN PAINTING —    The two best sources of Etruscan painting are on pottery and on the walls of tombs. The stylistic influence on the pottery is reflected in their nomenclature and their chronology: Etrusco geometric, Etrusco Corinthian, Etruscan black figure,… …   Historical Dictionary of the Etruscans

  • Ancient Greece — The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, located on the Acropolis in Athens, is one of the most representative symbols of the …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”