Satakunta

Infobox_Maakunta
name=Satakunta
name_fin=Satakunnan maakunta
name_swe=Satakunda landskap
isocode=|nutscode=191
capital=|province=Western Finland
historical=Satakunta
arearank=Not ranked|area=8,289|areapercent=
population_as_of=-|populationrank=Not ranked
population=235,416|populationpercent=|populationdensity=28.4
bird=Blue Tit|fish=River lamprey|flower=Sea-buckthorn

Satakunta ( _sv. Satakunda, _la. Finnia Septentrionalis or Satagundia) is a region ("maakunta" / "landskap") and a historical province of Finland. It borders the regions of Finland Proper, Tavastia Proper, Pirkanmaa, Southern Ostrobothnia and Ostrobothnia. The main city of the region is Pori. The name of the region literally means Hundred. The historical province was a larger area within Finland, covering modern Satakunta as well as much of Pirkanmaa.

Municipalities

The region of Satakunta is made up of 25 municipalities.

*Eura
*Eurajoki
*Harjavalta
*Honkajoki
*Huittinen
*Jämijärvi
*Kankaanpää
*Karvia
*Kiikoinen
*Kiukainen
*Kokemäki
*Köyliö
*Lappi
*Lavia
*Luvia
*Merikarvia
*Nakkila
*Noormarkku
*Pomarkku
*Pori
*Rauma
*Siikainen
*Säkylä
*Ulvila
*Vampula

Heraldry

The arms are crowned by a ducal coronet, though in Finnish tradition this resembles a Swedish count's coronet. Blazon: "Per fess azure and or, an upright bear sable, armed and langued gules, crowned or, holding in both paws a sword argent, sword handle or. In the upper field, on each side of the bear's head, a seven-pointed star argent."

History

The province was formed in the late Finnish pre-Christian era in the beginning of the first millennium, and became gradually a part of Sweden in the 12th century. At the same time, the coastal strip received some Swedish inhabitants, who however were assimilated in the mainstream Finnish population by the early 20th century. The remnant of the influx can be seen in some of the toponyms in coastal Satakunta (e.g. Noormarkku < _sv. Norrmark). During the Middle Ages, the major cities of the province were Ulvila, established 1249 and Rauma, established 1442. Due to the rising of land, the former was left inland and lost its access to the sea. Consequently, the city of Pori was founded to the coast by Johan, Grand Duke of Finland in 1558. Administratively, the province lost its function in 1649 when it was combined with Finland Proper to form Turku and Pori County. In the 19th century, the eastern parts of the province were transferred to the Tavastia County. At the present, the eastern part of the old province has formed the region of Pirkanmaa and the western part forms the region of Satakunta.

Satakunta, with the rest of Finland, was separated from Sweden when Finland was ceded to Russia in 1809. During the era of Autonomy (1809–1917), the province experienced slow industrialization, Pori becoming the most important industrial city of the region. The forest and textile industries dominated the business life. In addition, the merchants of Rauma and Pori had impressively large fleets of sailpowered merchantmen, which made up a large fraction of the total merchant navy of the Russian empire. The large-scale use of sail ships continued until the 1930s, even while the steampower started to dominate the international seatraffic. The building of the Tampere–Pori and Kokemäki–Rauma railroads connected the province into Finnish inland and diminished the importance of unnavigable Kokemäenjoki river as a means of transport. After this, the ports of Rauma and Pori have remained among the most important export ports for the Finnish industry.

The development of agriculture towards market-based economy was started during the 18th century, when crop rotation and large-scale drainage projects were initiated. At the same time, clearing of forests for agricultural use continued, leading into the formation of a large crofter class ( _fi. torppari), living on small-holdings rented from larger farms. During the 19th century the social divisions among the rural population deepened. Consequently, in Finnish Civil War of 1918, Satakunta formed an important part of Red Finland.

Since independence, the development of Satakunta has followed the general Finnish pattern. The rural areas have suffered from the drain of young population towards population centers, which until the early 1990s benefited the industrial cities of Rauma, Harjavalta and Pori with their surroundings. The metal and forest industries expanded steadily, necessitating the building of the nuclear plant at Olkiluoto. The increase of industrial production was not fully without problems, however. Especially the area around Harjavalta copper–nickel smelting plant suffered heavily from acid rain and Kokemäenjoki became heavily polluted. Fortunately, these problems have become to large extent controlled since 1980s. [ [http://www.metsakeskus.fi/NR/rdonlyres/AB540D22-F437-4CB2-A037-48CDE9379217/5944/amo_2006_2011.pdf Lounais-Suomen metsäohjelma] . P. 34. Retrieved 11-19-2007. fi] [ [http://www.kemira.com/NR/rdonlyres/2871DBC8-4A24-42A9-BD60-A0EA45AAE697/0/WATERNET_107_low.pdf Kokemäenjoen päästötasot romahtaneet] . Waternet 1/2007. The magazine is a PR-publication of Finnish chemicals manufacturer, but the fact that the pollution levels of Kokemäenjoki have indeed gone down is correct. Retrieved 11-19-2007. fi]

Since 1990s, the traditional industries of the region have more or less stagnated and the relative importance of her cities has dwindled. One of the perceived reasons for this development has been the fact that Satakunta lacks a university of its own. [ [http://www.pori.fi/kirjasto/satakuntaliitto/a219.htm Satakunnan alueellinen tavoiteohjelma.] Satakuntaliiton julkaisu A:219. Retrieved 11-19-2007. fi]

Geography

The exact borders of Satakunta towards Finland Proper, Ostrobothnia and Southern Tavastia are rather well-defined. However, this is not the case with the Northern Tavastia, i.e. in the modern day region of Pirkanmaa. This is because northern parts of Pirkanmaa were only sparsely inhabited wilderness and the borders of the provinces were never well defined before the introduction of county system in 1634. In that year, the border between Turku and Pori County which included Satakunta, and Uusimaa and Tavastia county was rather arbitrarily drawn in Tammerkoski. To further complicate matters, Tampere with her surroundings was transferred to Tavastia Province in the 19th century. As a result, the region around Ikaalinen and Parkano is variously described as being part of Satakunta, Tavastia, "Sata-Häme" or Pirkanmaa.

Satakunta is characterized by a strong contrast of coast and inland areas. The southernmost part of the coast is flanked by the archipelago of Rauma but towards north, the number of coastal islands decreases markedly. The seabed is flat and due to this, the still-continuing post-glacial rising is perceivable even during a single person's lifetime. The dominating feature of the northern coast of Satakunta is the delta of Kokemäenjoki northeast of the town of Pori.

The valley of river Kokemäenjoki and the area south of it form one of the most important agricultural regions of Finland. The main crops are rye, barley, potato and sugar beet. On the other hand, north of Kokemäenjoki valley, forests dominate the landscape and population density is much lower than in southern Satakunta. Towards inland, the flat agricultural plain gives way to a more hilly landscape blotted by lakes. In this area, the population centers are located along the most important waterways, as a result of the original inhabitation period.

External links

* [http://www.satakunta.fi Regional Council of Satakunta]

References