Valentina Matviyenko

Valentina Matviyenko Валенти́на Ива́новна Матвие́нко
Matviyenko at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland; 2007
Chairman of the Federation Council
Incumbent
Assumed office 21 September 2011
President	Dmitry Medvedev
Preceded by	Sergey Mironov
Governor of Saint Petersburg
In office 15 October 2003[1] – 22 August 2011
Preceded by	Vladimir Yakovlev
Succeeded by	Georgy Poltavchenko
Personal details
Born	Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko 7 April 1949 (1949-04-07) (age 62) Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Soviet Union (now Ukraine)
Nationality	Russian
Political party	United Russia
Spouse(s)	Vladimir Vasilyevich Matviyenko
Children	Sergey Matviyenko (b. 1973)
Alma mater	Leningrad Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
Profession	Politician

Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko (Russian: Валенти́на Ива́новна Матвие́нко, née Tyutina (Тю́тина), born 7 April 1949 in the Ukrainian SSR), is currently the highest-ranking female politician in Russia, the former governor of Saint Petersburg and the current Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation. Born in the Ukrainian SSR, Matviyenko started her political career in the 1980s in Saint Petersburg (then called Leningrad) and was the First Secretary of the Krasnogvardeysky District CPSU of the city from 1984 to 1986.^[2] In the 1990s she served as Russian ambassador to Malta (1991–1995) and Greece (1997–1998).^[2] Between 1998–2003 Matviyenko was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia for Welfare, and briefly the Presidential Envoy to the Northwestern Federal District in 2003. By that time she firmly allied herself with Russian President Vladimir Putin, an alliance which secured her a victory in the governor elections in Saint Petersburg, Putin's native city.

Matviyenko became the first female leader of Saint Petersburg, as well as the first woman governor in Russian history.^[3] Since the start of her service as governor a significant share of taxation money was transferred from the federal budget to the local one, and along with the booming economy and improving investment climate the standard of living significantly increased in the city, making income levels much closer to Moscow and far above most other Russian federal subjects. The profile of Saint Petersburg in Russian politics has risen, marked by the transfer of the Constitutional Court of Russia from Moscow in 2008.

Matviyenko developed a large number of megaprojects in housing and infrastructure, such as the construction of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road including the Big Obukhovsky Bridge (the only non-draw bridge over the Neva River in the city), completion of the Saint Petersburg Dam aimed to put an end to the infamous Saint Petersburg floods, launching Line 5 of Saint Petersburg Metro and starting land reclamation in the Neva Bay for the new Marine Facade of the city (the largest European waterfront development project)^[4] containing the New Sea Passenger port. Several major auto-producing companies were drawn to Saint Petersburg or its vicinity, including Toyota, General Motors, Nissan, Hyundai Motor, Suzuki, Magna International, Scania and MAN SE (all having plants in the Shushary industrial zone), thus turning the city into an important center of automotive industry in Russia, specializing on foreign brands. Another development of Matviyenko's governorship was tourism; by 2010 the number of tourists in Saint Petersburg doubled and reached 5.2 million, which placed the city among the top five tourist centers in Europe.^[5][6]

Some actions and practices of governor Matviyenko have drawn significant criticisms from the Saint Petersburg public, media and opposition groups. In particular, new construction in already heavily built-up areas and several building projects were deemed to conflict with the classical architecture of the city, where the entire centre is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Some such projects eventually were cancelled or modified, like the controversial design of a 400-metre tall Okhta Center skyscraper, planned to be built adjacent to the historical center of the city, but after a public campaign and the personal involvement of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev it was relocated from Okhta to the Lakhta suburb. Another major point of criticism was Matviyenko's handling of the city's snow removal problems during the unusually cold and snowy winters of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011.

On 22 August 2011, soon after completion of the Saint Petersburg Dam, Matviyenko resigned from office. As a member of United Russia party, on 21 September 2011 she was elected the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation,^[7] the country's third-highest elected office.

Early life

Valentina Tyutina was born in Shepetivka in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast of Western Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. In 1972 she graduated from Leningrad Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, where she met her husband, Vladimir Vasiyevich Matviyenko. They had a son, Sergey, in 1973. She held various leadership positions within the Komsomol organization until 1984.^[2]

Timeline of political career

Deputy Prime Minister Valentina Matviyenko signs joint documents in Greece on behalf of the Russian Federation while accompanying President Vladimir Putin.

• In 1985 Valentina Matviyenko graduated from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Academy and became a party official in Leningrad's municipal government. In 1984 – 1986 she was the First Secretary of the Krasnogvardeysky District Committee of the Party.^[2]
• Matviyenko was elected as a people's deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and headed the committee on women, family and children affairs.
• Between 1991 and 1998 Matviyenko served in the diplomatic service and held several diplomatic positions including posts of Russian ambassador to Malta (1991–1995) and Greece (1997–1998).^[2]
• On 24 September 1998, Matviyenko was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Russia for Welfare, and occupied this position until 2003.^[2]
• In June 1999 she worked on the Board of Directors of the ORT TV channel.
• Matvyenko was involved in a life-threatening car accident on 20 November 1999.
• On 3 February 2000 she was nominated for the presidency, but refused to contest. On 29 February 2000, she announced that she was considering running in the St. Petersburg governor elections to be held on 14 May, and on 10 March announced that she was indeed launching her campaign. However, on 4 April she claimed that Vladimir Putin had asked her to withdraw from the elections, and she did so on 5 April.
• On 11 March 2003 she left the Deputy PM position and was appointed presidential envoy to the Northwestern Federal District by Vladimir Putin.^[8]

Governor of Saint Petersburg

Election

French President Jacques Chirac, Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schroeder and Valentina Matviyenko during the celebration of the 300th anniversary of Saint Petersburg in 2003.

On 24 June 2003, after Saint Petersburg governor Vladimir Yakovlev resigned ahead of schedule, Matviyenko announced that she was ready to run for governor. Her nomination was supported by the United Russia political party and President Vladimir Putin. Putin publicly supported her candidacy on 2 September in a meeting that was broadcast by two state-owned TV stations. Previously, at the end of June, the new management of local channel St. Petersburg Television shut down a range of analytical programmes on local politics, which was thought to be one of the factors in elections outcome.^[9]

In the first round of elections held on 21 September 2003, Matviyenko came first with 48.61% of the vote, followed by Anna Markova, a former member of Yakovlev's staff, with 15.89%. 10.97 percent of the electorate voted against all nine nominees. Turnout was low at just 29%.^[10] On 5 October 2003 Matviyenko won the second round with 63 percent (vs. 24% for Anna Markova) and was elected governor of Saint Petersburg, the head of the Saint Petersburg City Administration. She became the first female head of government of Saint Petersburg, as well as the first woman-governor in Russian history.^[3]

Confirmation in office

Vladimir Putin and Valentina Matviyenko in 2008.

In 2005 a new Russian federal law came into force whereby governors are proposed by the President of Russia and approved or disapproved by regional legislative assemblies rather than elected by direct popular vote. On 6 December 2006, one year before her term as elected governor would expire, Valentina Matviyenko asked Vladimir Putin to nominate her for approval according to the new legislation, and he agreed. She was approved by the Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly on 22 December 2006.

Public protests

On 3 March 2007, scores of participants of the Dissenters' March, organized by marginal opposition parties, demonstrated in the city's main avenue, Nevsky Prospekt, calling for governor Matviyenko's dismissal. She in turn accused them of stirring up trouble ahead of elections to the Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly scheduled for 11 March, of criticising the city's perceived dynamic development and for allegedly receiving financial support from dubious sources.^[11] On 15 April 2007, the Dissenters' March took place in Saint Petersburg for the second time.

Assassination attempt

On 19 May 2007, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation announced that on 16 May it had detained several members of an undisclosed youth religious group allegedly preparing an assassination attempt on Valentina Matviyenko’s life using hand grenades and plastic explosive. On 23 May FSB Director Nikolay Patrushev announced that the prevented attempt had been scheduled for June.

City development

Budget and incomes

The Saint Petersburg Dam was completed when Matviyenko was in office. The dam is the last part of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road, with the longest sub-sea tunnel in Russia going below the dam's largest lock.

Matviyenko electoral promises included the transfer of a significant share of taxation money from the federal budget to the local one, which was supported by President Putin, a native of Saint Petersburg. Along with the booming economy and improving investment climate this allowed to significantly improve the standard of living in the city, making income levels much closer to Moscow and high above most other Russian federal subjects.

Political profile

New governor pledged her support for the idea of transferring some part of the capital's functions from Moscow to Saint Petersburg. The role of Saint Petersburg in Russian politics has risen, marked by the transfer of the Constitutional Court of Russia from Moscow in 2008. The city's main television broadcast, Petersburg – Channel 5, on October 2006 was licensed to broadcast nationwide again.^[12].

The 32nd summit of G8 countries were held in Saint Petersburg from 15 to 17 July 2006. St. Petersburg International Economic Forum continued to grow in popularity and attendance in the late 2000s.

Infrastructure

The construction of the Saint Petersburg Metro gained pace under Matviyenko. (Obvodny Kanal, the newest station, is shown).

Matviyenko developed a large number of megaprojects in housing and infrastructure, such as building of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road including the Big Obukhovsky Bridge (the only non-draw bridge over the Neva River in the city), completion of the Saint Petersburg Dam aimed to put an end to ill-famous Saint Petersburg floods, launching Line 5 of Saint Petersburg Metro and starting land reclamation in the Neva Bay for the new Marine Facade of the city (the largest European waterfront development project)^[4] containing the New Sea Passenger port.

Industry

Several major auto-producing companies were drawn to Saint Petersburg or its vicinity, including Toyota, General Motors, Nissan, Hyundai Motor, Suzuki, Magna International, Scania and MAN SE (all having plants in Shushary industrial zone), thus turning the city into an important center of automotive industry in Russia, specializing on foreign brands.

Tourism

The celebration of the graduation from school, the Scarlet Sails, rose to a new scale under Matviyenko and began to be broadcast nationwide.

The city administration launched a number of programs aimed to increase the number of tourist arrivals (such as advertisment campaigns abroad) and to improve the tourist infrastructure in the city, including the construction of new hotels. Between 2003–2010 the number of tourists in Saint Petersburg doubled and reached 5.2 million, which placed the city among the top 5 tourist centers in Europe.^[5][6]

Culture

The June celebration of the graduation from school, the Scarlet Sails (a part of the White Nights Festival), rose to a new scale under Matviyenko and began to be broadcast nationwide on Petersburg – Channel 5. The Saint Petersburg Carnivals on the day of the city, 27 May, also became much grander.

Criticism

Controversial construction projects

A collage showing how the controversial Okhta Center skyscraper would look beside the historic Smolny Cathedral by Bartolomeo Rastrelli.

The new construction in already heavily built-up areas was a point of continuous criticism during Matviyenko's governorship. Of especial note were a number of building projects deemed by many experts and and conservative public to contradict the classical architecture of the city where the entire centre is UNESCO World Heritage site.

Matviyenko supported the construction project of the Gazprom City business center (also called Okhta Center) including a 400 meter skyscraper holding the headquarters of some of Gazprom's subsidiaries on the right bank of the Neva River in the vicinity of the historic Smolny Cathedral. The current regulations forbidding construction buildings of more than 42 meters (48 with expert approval) were specially changed by the city administration for the project.

By the end of her governor service, Matviyenko more eagerly engaged in dialogue with the groups of the so called gradozaschitniki (градозащитники, "city-defenders"). A number of controversial projects eventually were cancelled or modified. Notably, after an extensive public protest campaign, which lasted several years, and after the personal involvement of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, the Okhta Center was relocated from Okhta to Lakhta suburb.

Other controversial projects include the Mariinsky Theatre Second Stage and the reconstruction of the New Holland Island. Both projects required destruction of some of the earlier historic buildings, and the new stage of the Mariinsky Theatre was originally attempted to be built according to a highly original design by French architect Dominique Perrault, resembling a cocoon. The project, however, was deemed too costly and too much out-of-line with the surrounding classical architecture, and the design was changed.

Snow cleaning problems

Matviyenko's handling of the cleaning of the city from snow during the unusually cold and snowy winters of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, in the last two years of her governorship, have drawn more criticism on her part, especially from the automobile owners and drivers in the city. The authorities were unprepared for vast amounts of snow on the city streets, especially in the historical centre, and there was a lack of snow cleaning equipment.^[13]

Chairwoman of the Federation Council

Valentina Matviyenko (top left) on the 80th birthday of singer Lyudmila Zykina (center). Standing (l-r): Matviyenko, S. Morgunova, E. Bystritskaya, S. Medvedeva, V. Tereshkova, Yu. Borisova, I. Rodnina. Sitting (l-r): G. Volchek, A. Pakhmutova, Zykina, S. Druzhinina, E. Obraztsova.

On 22 August 2011, soon after competion of the Saint Petersburg Dam along with the Saint Petersburg Ring Road, Matviyenko resigned from the office of the governor of Saint Petersburg.^[14] Georgy Poltavchenko was appointed as acting governor in her place. She was backed by President Dmitry Medvedev as a candidate to head the Federal Assembly or Upper House of the Russian Federation.The previous speaker of the Federation Council, Sergey Mironov, was recalled in May after criticising Matviyenko's handling of Saint Petersburg. The leader of A Just Russia party, Mironov was ousted by the majority United Russia^[7] and replaced by an acting speaker Alexander Torshin.

As a member of United Russia party, Matviyenko stood in a municipal election in August in order to have legal possibilities to attain the office in the Federation Council. She won the municipal election with more than 95% of the vote, for which she was criticized by the opposition.

On 21 September 2011 she was elected the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation by 140 votes with one abstention and none cast against.^[7] It is the third-highest elected office in Russia and the highest political position ever attained by a woman in Russia since the time of Empress Catherine the Great.

Family

Valentina Matviyenko has a son, Sergey Vladimirovich Matviyenko, with her husband, Vladimir Vasiyevich Matviyenko. In May 2003 Sergey Matviyenko was appointed Vice-President of the Bank Saint Petersburg. Later he also became Vice-President and First Vice-President (2005) of Vneshtorgbank.^[15] Sergey married Zara Mgoyan, a Russian pop singer of Armenian and Kurdish origin (b. 1983) on 30 April 2004, but they divorced a year later.

See also

• Saint Petersburg City Administration

References

1. ^ Kovalev, Vladimir (16 October 2003). "Matviyenko Inaugurated With Pomp". The Moscow Times. http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/matviyenko-inaugurated-with-pomp/235216.html. Retrieved 11 April 2010. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Valentina Matvienko at petersburgcity.com
3. ^ ^{a b} A journey from Saint Petersburg to Moscow RIAN
4. ^ ^{a b} Marine faсade Official website
5. ^ ^{a b} Saint Petersburg expects 5 million tourists by the end of the year RIAN
6. ^ ^{a b} "Petersburg among the top five tourist centers in Europe". Maris-spb.ru. http://www.maris-spb.ru/news/2/2010/11/533. Retrieved 22 September 2011. 
7. ^ ^{a b c} Matviyenko takes Russian upper house speaker post RIAN
8. ^ Presidential decree on appointing Valentina Matviyenko presidential envoy to the Northwestern Federal District (Russian)
9. ^ "The St. Petersburg Times – Top Stories – Fair-Play Proposal Gets No Support". Sptimes.ru. 12 August 2003. http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=10680. Retrieved 22 September 2011. 
10. ^ "Putin ally leads Petersburg poll". BBC News. 22 September 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3126438.stm. 
11. ^ . http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/03/03/russia.protest.ap/index.html. ^{[dead link]}
12. ^ Channel 5 Official Website. About company (Russian)
13. ^ Saint Petersburg needs 5000 units of snow-cleaning equipment - Oksana Dmitrieva (Russian)
14. ^ Dmitry Medvedev signed the decree "On the termination of service of the Saint Petersburg governor" (Russian)
15. ^ Sergey Matviyenko biography at vedomosti.ru (Russian)

External links

• Official Portal of the City Government: The Governor of St. Petersburg – Valentina Ivanovna Matvienko – in English
• Short biography in English

Political offices
Preceded by Viktor Cherkesov	Presidential Envoy to the Northwestern Federal District 2003	Succeeded by Ilya Klebanov
Preceded by Alexander Beglov	Governor of Saint Petersburg 2003–2011	Succeeded by Georgy Poltavchenko
Preceded by Sergey Mironov	Chairman of the Federation Council of Russia 2011–present	Succeeded by Incumbent

Persondata
Name	Matviyenko, Valentina
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	7 April 1949
Place of birth	Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Soviet Union
Date of death
Place of death