Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool

Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool
The Right Honourable
The Earl of Liverpool
PC
The Earl of Liverpool by George Romney
President of the Board of Trade
In office
23 August 1786 – 7 June 1804
Monarch George III
Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger
Henry Addington
Preceded by The Lord Sydney (President of the Committee on Trade and Foreign Plantations)
Succeeded by The Duke of Montrose
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
6 September 1786 – 11 November 1803
Monarch George III
Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger
Henry Addington
Preceded by The Earl of Clarendon
Succeeded by Lord Pelham
Personal details
Born 26 April 1727 (1727-04-26)
Oxfordshire
Died 17 December 1808 (1808-12-18)
London
Nationality British
Spouse(s) (1) Amelia Watts
(d. 1770)
(2) Catherine Bisshopp
(1744–1827)
Alma mater University College, Oxford

Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool PC (26 April 1727 – 17 December 1808), known as the Lord Hawkesbury between 1786 and 1796, was a British statesman. He was the father of Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool.

Contents

Early years, family and education

He was born in Oxfordshire, the eldest son of Colonel Charles Jenkinson (d. 1750) and Amarantha (née Cornewall). The earl was the grandson of Sir Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Baronet, of Walcot, Oxfordshire. The Jenkinson family was descended from Anthony Jenkinson (d. 1611), who was a sea-captain, merchant and traveller and the first known Englishman to penetrate into Central Asia. He was educated at Charterhouse School and University College, Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1752.

Political career

In 1761, Liverpool entered parliament as member for Cockermouth and was made Under-Secretary of State by Lord Bute. He won the favour of George III, and when Bute retired Jenkinson became the leader of the King's Friends in the House of Commons. In 1763, George Grenville appointed him joint Secretary to the Treasury. In 1766, after a short retirement, he became a Lord of the Admiralty and then a Lord of the Treasury in the Grafton administration. In 1772, Jenkinson became a Privy Councillor and Vice Treasurer of Ireland, and in 1775 he purchased the lucrative sinecure of clerk of the pells in Ireland and became Master of the Mint. From 1778 until the close of Lord North's ministry in 1782 he was Secretary at War. From 1786 to 1803, he was President of the Board of Trade and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and he was popularly regarded as enjoying the confidence of the king to a special degree. In 1786 he was created Baron Hawkesbury, of Hawkesbury in the County of Gloucester, and ten years later, Earl of Liverpool. He also succeeded as seventh Baronet of Walcot in 1790. He lived in Addiscombe, Surrey and Hawkesbury, Gloucestershire. Liverpool wrote several political works but except his Treatise on the Coins of the Realm (1805) these are, according to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, "without striking merits."

Family

Liverpool was twice married. He married firstly Amelia, daughter of William Watts, governor of Fort William, Bengal, in 1769. She died in July 1770, only a month after the birth of her only child, Robert. Liverpool married secondly Catherine, widow of Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet and daughter of Sir Charles Cope, 2nd Baronet, in 1782. They had one son, Charles, and one daughter. Lord Liverpool died in London on 17 December 1808, aged 79, and was succeeded by his only son from his first marriage, Robert, who became a prominent politician and eventually Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The Countess of Liverpool died in October 1827, aged 82.

Legacy

The Hawkesbury River in New South Wales, Australia and Hawkesbury, Ontario, Canada were named after Jenkinson shortly after he was created Baron Hawkesbury.

References

Political offices
Preceded by
Francis Gashry
Treasurer of the Ordnance
1762–1763
Succeeded by
John Ross Mackye
Preceded by
The Lord Sydney
as President of the Committee
on Trade and Foreign Plantations
President of the Board of Trade
1786–1804
Succeeded by
The Duke of Montrose
Preceded by
The Earl of Clarendon
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1786–1803
Succeeded by
The Lord Pelham
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by
Sir John Mordaunt
Percy Wyndham-O'Brien
Member of Parliament for Cockermouth
1761–1767
With: Sir John Mordaunt
Succeeded by
Sir John Mordaunt
John Elliot
Preceded by
John Stanwix
Philip Honywood
Member of Parliament for Appleby
1767–1772
With: Philip Honywood
Succeeded by
Fletcher Norton
Philip Honywood
Preceded by
Edward Harvey
John Roberts
Member of Parliament for Harwich
1772–1774
With: Edward Harvey
Succeeded by
Edward Harvey
John Robinson
Preceded by
Samuel Martin
William Ashburnham
Member of Parliament for Hastings
1774–1780
With: Viscount Palmerston
Succeeded by
Viscount Palmerston
John Ord
Preceded by
Grey Cooper
Henry Strachey
Member of Parliament for Saltash
1780–1786
With: Grey Cooper 1780–1784
Charles Ambler 1784–1786
Succeeded by
Charles Ambler
The Earl of Mornington
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation Earl of Liverpool
1796–1808
Succeeded by
Robert Jenkinson
Baron Hawkesbury
(descended by acceleration)

1786–1803
Baronetage of England
Preceded by
Banks Jenkinson
Baronet
(of Hawkesbury)
1790–1808
Succeeded by
Robert Jenkinson

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