- Close-mid central rounded vowel
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Close-mid central rounded vowel ɵ Image 
IPA number 323 Encoding Entity (decimal) ɵUnicode (hex) U+0275 X-SAMPA 8Kirshenbaum @.<umd>Sound
The close-mid central rounded vowel, or high-mid central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɵ. The symbol ɵ is a lowercase barred letter o, and should not be confused with the Greek letter theta (θ), which in IPA corresponds to a consonant sound, the voiceless dental fricative.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
The symbol for the close-mid central rounded vowel may also be used with a lowering diacritic, [ɵ̞], to denote the mid central rounded vowel.
The character ɵ has been used in several Latin-derived alphabets such as the one for Janalif, but in that language it denotes a different sound than it does in the IPA. The character is homographic with Cyrillic Ө. The Unicode code point is U+019F Ɵ latin capital letter o with middle tilde (HTML:
Ɵ).Contents
Features
IPA vowel chart Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart •
chart with audio • view- Its vowel height is close-mid, also known as high-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel (a high vowel) and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than relaxed or spread.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Chinese Cantonese 出/ceot7 [tsʰɵt˥] 'to go out' See Cantonese phonology English some dialects cooperate [kʰɵˈɒpəɹeɪt] 'cooperate' Reduced /oʊ/ in dialects that retain rounding Australian[1][2] bird [bɵːd] 'bird' See Australian English phonology Geordie goat [ɡɵːt] 'goat' Corresponds to /oʊ/ in other dialects. Mongolian[3] өгөх [ɵɡɵx] 'to give' Russian тётя ['tʲɵtʲæ] 'aunt' See Russian phonology Swedish dum [dɵmː] 'dumb' See Swedish phonology Toda ? [pɵːr̘] 'name' The Swedish [ɵ] is pronounced with compressed lips, more closely transcribed [ɵᵝ] or [ɘᵝ]. That of reduced English /oʊ/ is pronounced with protruded lips, more closely transcribed [ɵʷ] or [əʷ], though these could be misread as diphthongs. The type of rounding of [ɵ] in the other languages is not clear.
References
- ^ Cox (2006:?)
- ^ Durie & Hajek (1994:?)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66–67)
Bibliography
- Cox, F.M. (2006), "The acoustic characteristics of /hVd/ vowels in the speech of some Australian teenagers", Australian Journal of Linguistics 26: 147–179, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=g757708700~db=all
- Durie, M.; Hajek, J. (1994), "A revised standard phonemic orthography for Australian English vowels", Australian Journal of Linguistics 14 (1): 93–107, doi:10.1080/07268609408599503
- Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59–71, doi:10.1017/S002510030500191X
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventionsPhonetics Special topics Encodings Consonants IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audioPlace → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. * Symbol not defined in IPA. Chart image Vowels Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • viewCategories:- Vowels
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