San Francisco, California
Infobox Settlement
official_name = City and County of San Francisco
nickname = The City by the Bay, The CityFact|date=October 2008, Frisco, [cite news
last = Sullivan | first = James
title = Frisco, that once-verboten term for the city by the bay, is making a comeback among the young and hip. Herb Caen is spinning at warp speed.
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/10/14/DD67721.DTL&type=travelbayarea
work = Datebook | publisher = San Francisco Chronicle
location = San Francisco
page = D-1
date = 2003-10-14
accessdate = 2008-06-12] [Many tourists refer to San Francisco as "Frisco", a name popularized through songs like
last= San Francisco Public Library
url=http://sfpl.lib.ca.us/news/onlineexhibits/amusing/ppie.htm
title=PPIE: The City That Knows How
accessdate=2008-06-14
work=Amusing America
publisher=San Francisco Public Library, Online Exhibitions
date=2005-03-29] Baghdad by the Bay [cite book
last = Caen
first = Herb
authorlink = Herb Caen
title = Baghdad-by-the-Bay
publisher = Doubleday
date = 1949
location = Garden City, N.Y.
id = LC F869.S3 C12
isbn = 978-0891740476]
settlement_type = City
motto = "Oro en Paz, Fierro en Guerra"
(Spanish for "Gold in Peace, Iron in War")
imagesize = 250px
image_caption = San Francisco from the
flag_size = 100px
image_
seal_size = 100px
.svg)
mapsize = 200px
map_caption = Location of San Francisco, California
subdivision_type =
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 =
government_type =
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name =
leader_title1 = Board of Supervisors
leader_name1 = Collapsible list
title = Supervisors
frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
1 =
2 =
3 =
4 =
5 =
6 =
7 =
8 =
9 =
10 =
11 =
leader_title2 = State Assembly
leader_name2 = Collapsible list
title = Assemblymembers
frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
1 =
2 =
leader_title3 = State Senate
leader_name3 = Collapsible list
title = State senators
frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
1 =
2 =
leader_title4 = U.S. House
leader_name4 = Collapsible list
title = Representatives
frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
1 =
2 =
established_title = Founded
established_date = June 29, 1776
established_title1 = Incorporated
established_date1 = April 15, 1850
founder = Lieutenant
named_for = Saint Francis of Assisi
unit_pref = Imperial
area_total_sq_mi = 231.92
area_land_sq_mi = 46.7
area_water_sq_mi = 185.2
area_water_percent = 79.8
area_urban_sq_mi =
area_metro_sq_mi = 3524.4
elevation_ft = 52
elevation_max_ft = 925
elevation_min_ft = 0
population_as_of = 2007 timezone = Pacific Standard Time postal_code_type = The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in In 1776, the Spanish settled the tip of the peninsula, establishing a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for San Francisco is a popular international tourist destination famous for its landmarks, including the History The earliest archaeological evidence of inhabitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. [cite web Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the area became part of Mexico. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first significant homestead outside the immediate vicinity of the Mission Dolores,cite web The developed into the most important American military installation on the Pacific coast. [cite web and fire [cite journal At 5:12 am on April 18, 1906, a major earthquake struck San Francisco and Northern California. As buildings collapsed from the shaking, ruptured gas lines ignited fires that would spread across the city and burn out of control for several days. With water mains out of service, the Presidio Artillery Corps attempted to contain the inferno by dynamiting blocks of buildings to create firebreaks.cite web Rebuilding was rapid and performed on a grand scale. Rejecting calls to completely remake the street grid, San Franciscans opted for speed.cite book In ensuing years, the city solidified its standing as a financial capital; in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash, not a single San Francisco-based bank failed. [cite web During World War II, the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard became a hub of activity and Urban planning projects in the 1950s and 1960s saw widespread destruction and redevelopment of west side neighborhoods and the construction of new freeways, of which only a series of short segments were built before being halted by citizen-led opposition. [cite news The 1989 During the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, startup companies invigorated the economy. Large numbers of entrepreneurs and computer application developers moved into the city, followed by marketing and sales professionals that changed the social landscape as once poorer neighborhoods became gentrified. When the bubble burst in 2001, many of these companies folded and their employees left, although high technology and entrepreneurship continued to be mainstays of the San Francisco economy. [cite web |url=http://www.sfeconomicstrategy.org/site/uploadedfiles/moed/economic_strat/ExecutiveSummary_EconomicPerformanceReview.pdf|title=City and County of San Francisco: An Overview of San Francisco’s Recent Economic Performance |accessdate=2008-06-19 |author=Ted Egan|date=2006-04-03 | format=PDF | work=Report prepared for Mayor’s Office of Economic and Workforce Development | publisher=ICF Consulting | quote=Another positive trend for the future is San Francisco’s highly entrepreneurial, flexible and innovative economy...San Francisco’s very high reliance on small business and self-employment is typical of other dynamic, fast-growing, high-technology areas across the country.] Geography San Francisco is located on the West Coast of the U.S. at the tip of the San Francisco is famous for its hills.There are more than 50 hills within city limits.cite news The San Andreas and San Francisco's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. Entire neighborhoods such as the Marina and Hunters Point, as well as large sections of the Embarcadero, sit on areas of landfill. Treasure Island was constructed from material dredged from the bay as well as material resulting from tunneling through Yerba Buena Island during the construction of the Bay Bridge. Such land tends to be unstable during earthquakes; the resultant liquefaction causes extensive damage to property built upon it, as was evidenced in the Marina district during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. [cite web Climate A quotation incorrectly attributed to The combination of cold ocean water and the high heat of the California mainland create the city's characteristic Cityscape Neighborhoods The historic center of San Francisco is the northeast quadrant of the city bordered by Market Street to the south. It is here that the Financial District is centered, with Union Square, the principal shopping and hotel district, nearby. Cable cars carry residents and tourists alike up steep inclines to the summit of The Mission District was historically predominantly working-class and populated by immigrants from Mexico and Central America, but in recent years has seen rapid gentrification primarily along the Valencia Street corridor which is strongly associated with the modern hipster sub-culture. The city's Japantown district suffered when its The Richmond, the vast region north of Golden Gate Park that extends to the Pacific Ocean, today has a portion called "New Chinatown," but also attracts immigrants from other parts of Asia and Russia. South of Golden Gate Park lies the Sunset with an Asian majority population. [cite news | last = Chow | first = Andrew The Beaches and parks Ocean Beach runs along the Pacific Ocean shoreline, but is not suitable for swimming because the waters off the coast are perennially cold and form deadly Culture and contemporary life :main|Culture of San FranciscoSan Francisco is characterized by a high standard of living. [cite news Although the centralized commerce and shopping districts of the Financial District and the area around Union Square, are well-known around the world, San Francisco is also characterized by its culturally rich streetscapes featuring mixed-use neighborhoods anchored around central commercial corridors to which residents and visitors alike can walk. Because of these characteristics, San Francisco was rated "most walkable" city by the website Walkscore.com. [cite news |first=James |last=Temple |title=S.F. a step ahead as most 'walkable' U.S. city |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/16/MN3J11Q3N8.DTL |page=A-1 |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle |date=2008-07-17 |accessdate=2008-07-18 ] [cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/San_Francisco |title=WalkScore #1 San Francisco |accessdate=2008-07-18 |publisher=Walkscore.com ] Many neighborhoods feature a mix of businesses, restaurants and venues catering to the daily needs of the community while also drawing in visitors. Some neighborhoods are dotted with boutiques, cafes and nightlife, such as Union Street in Cow Hollow, and 24th Street in Noe Valley. Others are less so, such as Irving Street in the Sunset, or Mission Street in the Mission. This approach especially has influenced the continuing South of Market neighborhood redevelopment, with businesses and neighborhood services rising alongside high-rise residences.cite news The international character San Francisco has fostered since its founding is continued today by large numbers of immigrants from Asia and Following the arrival of writers and artists of the 1950s—who established the modern Entertainment and performing arts San Francisco's War Memorial and Performing Arts Center hosts some of the most enduring performing-arts companies in the U.S. The The Museums :"See also: List of museums in San Francisco The Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) houses 20th century and contemporary works of art. It moved to its iconic building in the South of Market neighborhood in 1995 and now attracts more than 600,000 visitors annually. [cite web The Media The " The San Francisco Bay Area is the sixth-largest TV market [cite web ports The At the collegiate level, the Dons of the With an ideal climate for outdoor activities, San Francisco has ample resources and opportunities for amateur and participatory sports and recreation. The Boating, sailing, Economy for its corporate headquarters. Many large financial institutions, multinational banks and venture capital firms are based in or have regional headquarters in the city. With over 30 international financial institutions, [cite web San Francisco's economy has increasingly become tied to that of its Bay Area neighbor San Jose and Small businesses with fewer than 10 employees and self-employed firms make up 85 percent of city establishments. [cite news | last = Tan | first = Aldrich M. Government Infobox Because of its unique city-county status, local government exercises jurisdiction over property that would otherwise be located outside of its corporation limit. In 2006, the Board of Supervisors passed an ordinance making San Francisco the first city in the nation to provide health care services to all uninsured residents, with creation of the Demographics The estimated 2007 population of San Francisco is 764,976. [ The city of San Francisco has announced it will contest the Census Bureau figure, stating that its own estimate is closer to 864,000. Ref: cite news|publisher=San Francisco Chronicle|title=Newsom says U.S. census missed 100,000; City to officially fight '07 population estimate of 764,000|author=Steve Rubenstein|date=2008-04-01 |accessdate=2008-04-01 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/03/31/BATIVTOMG.DTL] With nearly 16,000 people per square mile, San Francisco is the second-most densely populated major American city.For cities with greater than 200,000 population. cite web | title=2000 Census: US Municipalities Over 50,000: Ranked by 2000 Density | url=http://www.demographia.com/db-2000city50kdens.htm | publisher = Demographia | accessdate=2007-08-23] San Francisco is the traditional focal point of the Like many larger U.S. cities, San Francisco is a Relatively few of the city's residents are native San Franciscans. Only 35 percent of its residents were born in California; 39 percent were born outside the U.S. According to the 2005 American Community Survey, San Francisco has the highest percentage of gay and lesbian individuals of any of the 50 largest U.S cities, with 15.4%. [cite web | url=http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/SameSexCouplesandGLBpopACS.pdf |title=Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey | last=Gates | first=Gary | accessdate=2008-07-10| year=2006 | month=October | format=PDF | |publisher=The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law ] San Francisco also has the highest percentage of same-sex households of any American county, with the Bay Area having a higher concentration than any other The San Francisco median household income is $57,833 and the median family income, at $67,809 in 2005, is the third-highest for any large city in the nation. Following a national trend, an out-migration of middle class families is contributing to widening income disparity and has left the city with a lower proportion of children, 14.5 percent, than any other large American city.cite web |url=http://www.colemanadvocates.org/includes/downloads/amiliesstruggletostaypg111.pdf?PHPSESSID=fe69726d1f893afa0893c110367fe07e|title=Families Struggle To Stay: Why Families are Leaving San Francisco and What Can Be Done |accessdate=2008-06-16 |date=206-03-01 |format=PDF |publisher=Coleman Advocates for Children & Youth] The city's The rates of violent and property crime, reported for 2006 as 875 and 4,958 incidents per 100,000 residents respectively,cite web |url=http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/data/table_08_ca.html|title=Uniform Crime Reports: Table 8 Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2006 |accessdate=2008-06-16 | work=2006 Crime in the United States |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation] are higher than the national average. [cite web |url=http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/data/table_01.html |title=Uniform Crime Reports: Table 1 Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1987–2006 |accessdate=2008-06-16 |work=2006 Crime in the United States |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation] In 2007, the city recorded 98 homicides, the highest number in more than a decade. [cite news |first=Cecilia |last=Vega |title=Guns, crack cocaine fuel homicides in S.F. - 98 killings in 2007 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/01/15/BAQHUF1NG.DTL&hw=homicides&sn=001&sc=1000 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=2008-01-15 |accessdate=2008-01-18] Education Colleges and universities The Notable schools providing higher education in the arts include The Primary and secondary schools Transportation Roads and highways Because of its unique geography—making Interstate 80 begins at the approach to the Bay Bridge and is the only direct automobile link to the East Bay. U.S. Route 101 extends Interstate 80 to the south along the San Francisco Bay toward Public transportation Many people in San Francisco use public transportation, nearly a third of commuters in 2005. [cite web |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm |title=New Yorkers are Top Transit Users |accessdate=2008-08-20 |author=Les Christie |date=2007-06-29|work=CNNMoney.com |publisher=Cable News Network] Public transit solely within the city of San Francisco is provided predominantly by the Commuter rail is provided by two complementary agencies. The A small fleet of commuter and tourist Airports eaports The Many piers remained derelict for years until the demolition of the See also Notes References *cite book Further reading *cite book | year= 1989 | publisher=Dorset Press | title=The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld | author=Asbury, Hubert | id=ISBN 0-88029-428-0 External links * [http://transit.511.org/ Bay Area Public Transit Info, Schedules and Maps]
population_footnotes = cite web
title = Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007
publisher = US Census Bureau
date = 2008-03-27
url = http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2007/CBSA-EST2007-01.xls
format = XLS
accessdate = 2008-06-11] cite web
title = San Francisco County, California
work = Population Finder
publisher = US Census Bureau
date = 2008-03-27
url = http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=&geo_id=05000US06075&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US06%7C05000US06075&_street=&_county=san+francisco&_cityTown=san+francisco&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=050&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=ACS_2006_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=
doi =
accessdate = 2008-06-12] cite web
title = Table 2. Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007
publisher = US Census Bureau
date = 2008-03-27
url = http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2007/CBSA-EST2007-02.xls
format = XLS
doi =
accessdate = 2008-06-12]
population_total = 653,509
population_density_sq_mi = 16380
population_metro = 6,345,004
population_urban = 2,453,989
utc_offset = -8
timezone_DST = Pacific Daylight Time
utc_offset_DST = -7
latd= 37
latm= 46
lats= 45.48
latNS= N
longd= 122
longm= 25
longs= 9.12
longEW= W
postal_code = 94101–94112, 94114–94147, 94150–94170, 94172, 94175, 94177
area_code = 415
website = [http://www.sfgov.org/ www.sfgov.org]
footnotes =
title = 2000 Census: US Municipalities Over 50,000: Ranked by 2000 Population
publisher = Demographia
date = 2006-08-01
url = http://www.demographia.com/db-uscity98.htm
doi =
accessdate = 2008-06-12] San Francisco is part of the
url=http://www.sonoma.edu/asc/projects/pointreyes/overview2.pdf
title=Archaeological Research Issues For The Point Reyes National Seashore - Golden Gate National Recreation Area
accessdate=2008-06-12
last=Stewart
first=Suzanne B.
year= 2003
month=November
format=PDF
publisher=Sonoma State University - Anthropological Studies Center] The
title= Visitors: San Francisco Historical Information
url= http://www.sfgov.org/site/visitor_index.asp?id=8091
date= n.d.
accessdate=2008-06-10
publisher = City and County of San Francisco] Seven years later, on March 28, 1776, the Spanish established the
last= The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
title= From the 1820s to the Gold Rush
date=2004-07-16
url= http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/early.html
accessdate=2008-06-13
publisher = The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco] near a boat anchorage around what is today
url=http://www.yerbabuenagardens.com/history.html
title=History of Yerba Buena Gardens
accessdate=2008-06-13
publisher=MJM Management Group
date=2004] Despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. [cite book
last = Wiley | first = Peter Booth
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York | pages = pp. 4–5 | oclc = 44313415
isbn = 9780471191209]
last = Tamony
first = Peter
title = Sourdough and French Bread
journal = Western Folklore
volume = 32
issue = 4
pages = 265–270
publisher = Western States Folklore Society
year = 1973 |month = October
accessdate=2008-06-08
doi = 10.2307/1498306] prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, [cite web
title = San Francisco's First Brick Building
publisher = The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
date = 2004-07-16 | url = http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/brick.html
accessdate = 2008-06-13] raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. [cite book
last = Richards
first = Rand
title = Historic San Francisco: A Concise History and Guide
publisher = Heritage House
date = 1992
id = ISBN 1-879367-00-9 ] The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor.cite news | last = Harris | first = Ron | title = Crews Unearth Shipwreck on San Francisco Condo Project |publisher = Associated Press | date = 2005-11-14 | url = http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/story.asp?story=6287&headline=Crews | accessdate = 2006-09-04]
last = Wiley | first = Peter Booth
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York | pages = pp. 31–33 | oclc = 44313415
isbn = 9780471191209] With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, and gambling. [“The miners came in forty-nine, / The whores in fifty-one, / And when they got together / They produced the native son.” cite book | last = Wiley | first = Peter Booth
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York
pages = pp. 237–238 | oclc = 44313415 | isbn = 9780471191209]
title = Under Three Flags | work = Golden Gate National Recreation Area Brochures
publisher = US Department of the Interior
year = 2004 | month = November
url = http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/3flags_7-03.pdf | format = PDF
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] By the turn of the century, San Francisco was a major city known for its flamboyant style, stately hotels, ostentatious mansions on Nob Hill, and a thriving arts scene. [cite book
last = Wiley | first = Peter Booth
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York | pages = pp. 44–55 | oclc = 44313415
isbn = 9780471191209]
last = London
first = Jack
title = The Story of an Eyewitness by Jack London
journal = Collier's, The National Weekly
publisher = The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
date = May 5, 1906
url = http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist5/jlondon.html
accessdate=2006-08-29] ]
title = Presidio of San Francisco: Firefighting and Dynamiting
work = Golden Gate National Recreation Area
publisher = US Department of the Interior | date = 2003-12-24
url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/prsf/history/1906eq/firedyn.htm
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] More than three-quarters of the city lay in ruins, including almost all of the downtown core. [cite news
last = Montagne | first = Renée
title = Remembering the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
work = People & Places | publisher = National Public Radio
date = 2006-04-11
url = http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5334411
accessdate = 2008-06-13] Contemporary accounts reported that 498 people lost their lives, though modern estimates put the number in the several thousands. [cite web
title = Casualties and Damage after the 1906 earthquake
work = Earthquake Hazards Program - Northern California
publisher = US Geological Survey
date = 2008-01-25
url = http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/casualties.php
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] More than half the city's population of 400,000 were left homeless. [cite web
title = Presidio of San Francisco:1906 Earthquake and Fire
work = Golden Gate National Recreation Area
publisher = US Department of the Interior | date = 2004-08-25
url = http://www.nps.gov/archive/prsf/history/1906eq/index.htm
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] Refugees settled temporarily in makeshift tent villages in Golden Gate Park, the Presidio, on the beaches, and elsewhere. Many fled permanently to the East Bay.
last = Wiley | first = Peter Booth
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York
pages = pp. 56–62 | oclc = 44313415 | isbn = 9780471191209]
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York
page = 9 | oclc = 44313415 | isbn = 9780471191209]
title = San Francisco Gold Rush Banking - 1849
publisher = The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
date = 2004-06-24 | url = http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist9/banking.html
accessdate = 2008-06-13] Indeed, it was at the height of the
title = Port of Embarkation Essay--World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area
work = A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary:
publisher = US Department of the Interior | date = 2007-08-28
url = http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] The explosion of jobs drew many people, especially
last = Fang | first = Eric CY | title = Urban Renewal Revisited: A Design Critique
work = SPUR Newsletter | publisher = San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association
year = 1999 | month = February | url = http://www.spur.org/documents/990201_article_01.shtm
accessdate = 2008-06-13] The
publisher = Transamerica Insurance and Investment Group
url = http://www.transamerica.com/company_profile/about_the_pyramid/pyramid_facts_and_figures.asp
accessdate = 2008-06-13] and in the 1980s the
last = Wiley | first = Peter Booth
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York
pages = pp. 95–96 | oclc = 44313415 | isbn = 9780471191209] Port activity moved to Oakland, the city began to lose industrial jobs, and San Francisco began to turn to tourism as the most important segment of its economy. The suburbs experienced rapid growth and San Francisco underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America. [cite web
last = Willis | first = James
coauthors = Habib, Jerry, Brittan, Jeremy
title = San Francisco Planning Department Census Data Analysis
publisher = San Francisco State University
date = 2004-04-19 | url = http://bss.sfsu.edu/pamuk/SFDemographics.ppt#1
format = PPT | accessdate = 2008-06-13] [cite news
last = Minton | first = Torri
title = Race Through Time
work = San Francisco Chronicle
page = SC-4
publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 1998-09-20
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1998/09/20/SC72759.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-13] Over this same period, San Francisco became a magnet for America's counterculture.
title = National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers
publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2000 | location = New York
pages = pp. 240–242 | oclc = 44313415 | isbn = 9780471191209]
last = Graham | first = Tom
title = Peak Experience
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = PK-23
publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 2004-11-07
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/11/07/PKGJ99K7KD1.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-13] Some neighborhoods are named after the hill on which they are situated, including 
thumb|upright|left|Cars_negotiate_Lombard Street to descend Russian Hill.
title = Liquefaction Damage in the Marina District during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
publisher = California Geological Survey
url = http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/information/outreach/Documents/Marina%20Poster%2011x17rw2b.pdf
format = PDF | accessdate = 2008-06-17]
last = Nolte | first = Carl
title = Fog Heaven: The sun will come out tomorrow. Or maybe not. It's summer in the city, and that means gray skies
work = San Francisco Chronicle
page = A-1
publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 2005-08-19
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/08/19/MNGOBEA9JI1.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-13] [cite web
title = And Never the Twain Shall Tweet
work = Urban Legends Reference Pages
publisher = Snopes.com
date = 2007-09-26
url = http://www.snopes.com/quotes/twain.asp
doi = | accessdate = ] San Francisco's climate is characteristic of California’s
title = Climate of San Francisco - Narrative Description
publisher = Golden Gate Weather Services
year = 2002 | url = http://ggweather.com/sf/narrative.html
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] In addition, since it is surrounded on three sides by water, San Francisco's climate is strongly influenced by the cool currents of the
title = Historical Weather for Livermore, California, United States of America
publisher = Weatherbase.com
year = 2008
url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=799440
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14] The highest temperature ever recorded in San Francisco was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 17, 1988 and June 14, 2000. [cite web
title = June 2000 City/State Extremes | publisher = US Department of Commerce
work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | date = 2004-06-24
url = http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2000/june/juneext2000.html
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] Winters are mild, with daytime highs near 60 °F (15 °C). Lows almost never reach freezing temperatures, though the lowest temperature ever recorded in San Francisco was 27 °F (−3 °C) on December 11, 1932. [cite web
title = San Francisco - Top 10 Temperatures
publisher = Golden Gate Weather Services
date = 2001-06-28 | url = http://ggweather.com/sf/temp2.html
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-13] May through September is very dry, but rain is common from November through March. Snowfall is extraordinarily rare, with only 10 instances recorded since 1852. The greatest snowfall on record is 3.7 inches (9.4 cm) in downtown San Francisco, and up to 7 inches (17.8 cm) elsewhere, on February 5, 1887.cite web
last = Null | first = Jan
title = Climate of San Francisco (Third Revision) | publisher = US Department of Commerce
work = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | year = 1995 | month = January
url = http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mtr/sfd_sjc_climate/sfd/SFD_CLIMATE3.php
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14] The last measurable snowfall in San Francisco was on February 5, 1976, when most of the city received an inch of snow. [cite web
title = Climate of San Francisco - Snowfall
publisher = Golden Gate Weather Services
year = 2006 | url = http://ggweather.com/sf/snow.html
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14]
title = Historical Climate Information | work = Western Regional Climate Center
publisher =
date = 2008-01-23 | url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/CLIMATEDATA.html
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14]
title = Dismal APA Turnout at First Redistricting Meetings
publisher = Asian Week | date = 2002-03-22] The Richmond and the Sunset are largely middle class and, together, are known as The Avenues. Bayview-Hunter's Point in the southeast section of the city is one of the poorest neighborhoods and suffers from a high rate of crime, though the area has been the focus of controversial plans for
last = Schwarzer | first = Michelle
title = San Francisco by the Numbers: Planning After the 2000 Census
work = SPUR Newsletter | publisher = San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association
year = 2001 | month = July | url = http://www.spur.org/documents/010701_article_03.shtm
accessdate = 2008-06-14] The great wealth and opportunity generated by the
last = Sadovi | first = Maura Webber
title = San Francisco's Home Prices Remain Among the Highest in U.S.
work = Real Estate Journal
publisher = The Wall Street Journal
date = 2006-04-12
url = http://www.realestatejournal.com/columnists/livingthere/20060412-livingthere.html
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14] cite web
title = Median Family Income (In 2003 Inflation-adjusted Dollars)
work = American Community Survey | publisher = US Census Bureau
date = 2007-08-22 | url = http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Ranking/2003/R14T160.htm
accessdate = 2008-06-14] [cite web
last = Hawn | first = Carleen
title = It may not feel like it, but your shot at the good life is getting better. Here's why
work = San Francisco magazine | publisher = Modern Luxury
year = 2007 |month = March | url = http://www.sanfran.com/archives/view_story/1068/ |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070224105246/http://www.sanfran.com/archives/view_story/1068/
archivedate= 2007-02-24 | doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14] allowing the city to support a large restaurant and entertainment infrastructure. Because the cost of living in San Francisco is exceptionally high, many middle class families have decided they can no longer afford to live within the city and have left.cite news
last = Hendricks | first = Tyche
title = Rich City Poor City: Middle-class neighborhoods are disappearing from the nation's cities, leaving only high- and low-income districts, new study says.
work = San Francisco Chronicle
page = A-1
publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 2006-06-22
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/06/22/MNG6HJIDMM1.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-14]
last = Wach | first = Bonnie
title = Fog City rises from the funk.
work = USA Today | publisher = Gannett Company, Inc.
date = 2003-10-03
url = http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/cityguides/sanfrancisco/worthdoing.htm
accessdate = 2006-09-04]
last = Egan | first = Ted
title = An Overview of San Francisco's Recent Economic Performance - Executive Summary
publisher = ICF Consulting | date = 2006-04-03
url = http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/moed/economic_strat/ExecutiveSummary_EconomicPerformanceReview.pdf
format = PDF | doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14] San Francisco has numerous neighborhoods filled with businesses and civic institutions catering to new arrivals. In particular, the arrival of many ethnic Chinese, which accelerated beginning in the 1970s, has complemented the long-established community historically based in Chinatown throughout the city and has transformed the annual Chinese New Year Parade into the largest event of its kind outside China. [cite news
last = Lam | first = Eric
title = San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade Embroiled in Controversy
publisher = The Epoch Times | date = 2005-12-22
url = http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-12-22/36073.html
accessdate = 2008-06-14]
last = Leip | first = Dave | authorlink =
title = Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections
publisher = Dave Leip | date = 2008-06-04
url = http://www.uselectionatlas.org/
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14] The city's large gay and lesbian population has created and sustained a politically and culturally active community over many decades, developing a powerful presence in San Francisco's civic life. A popular destination for gay and lesbian tourists, the city hosts
title = Corporate Sponsorship - Why Sponsor
publisher = San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
url = http://www.sfmoma.org/membership/corp_sponsors_why_sponsor.html
accessdate = 2008-06-14] The Palace of the Legion of Honor holds primarily classic European works of art, while the city's De Young Museum and Asian Art Museum have significant anthropological and non-European holdings.
title = What to See at the Zoo | publisher = San Francisco Zoo
url = http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/ViewOrgPageLink.asp?LinkKey=15015&orgkey=1821
accessdate = 2008-06-14]
title = Top 200 Newspapers by Largest Reported Circulation
publisher = Audit Bureau of Circulations
url = http://www.accessabc.com/products/top200.htm | date = 2007-03-31
archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070813073544/http://www.accessabc.com/products/top200.htm
archivedate= 2007-08-13
accessdate = 2008-06-14] The "
last = Rosenberg | first = Scott
title = The San Francisco Examiner, 1887–2000
publisher = Salon.com | date = 2000-03-21
url = http://archive.salon.com/media/feature/2000/03/21/examiner/index.html
accessdate = 2008-06-15] [cite news
last = Nolte | first = Carl
title = Examiner Staff Ends an Era With Tears, Newsroom Tales
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = A-1 | publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 2000-11-22
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/11/22/MN121380.DTL&hw=san+francisco+examiner&sn=005&sc=498
accessdate = 2008-06-15] "
last = Hua | first = Vanessa
title = Newspaper war in the Bay Area: Ming Pao becomes 6th Chinese-language daily
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = B-1 | publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 2004-08-03
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/03/BAGI781MM91.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-14]
title = Local Television Market Universe Estimates
publisher = Nielsen Media | date = 2007-09-22
url = http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/nmr_static/docs/2007-2008_DMA_Ranks.xls
format = XLS | accessdate = 2008-06-15] and the fourth-largest radio market [cite web
title = Arbitron Radio Market Rankings: Spring 2008
publisher = Arbitron | date = 2008-04-16
url = http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm001050.asp
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-14] in the U.S. The city's oldest radio station,
title = Top 30 Public Radio Subscribers - Winter 2004 Arbitron
work = Radio Research Consortium | publisher = Arbitron Media Research | date = 2004-06-17
url = http://www.pacifica.org/documents/pdf/ArbitronRatingsWinter2004.pdf | format = PDF
accessdate = 2008-06-14] San Francisco–based technology companies such as CNET and
title = Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive: SBC Park
work = Brownfields
publisher = US Environmental Protection Agency
year = 2005 | month = May
url = http://www.epa.gov/swerosps/bf/pdf/sfcasestudy070505.pdf | format = PDF
doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-15]
title = About Us - History
work = ING Bay to Breakers
publisher = ING Group
date = 2008-03-11
url = http://www.ingbaytobreakers.com/about_us/history.html
accessdate = 2008-06-15] The
last = Winitz | first = Mark
title = San Francisco Marathon Expands Cool Reputation
work = Press Release
publisher = The San Francisco Marathon | date = 2004-06-18
url = http://www.runsfm.com/about/pr/061804.html
archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20061230235057/http://www.runsfm.com/about/pr/061804.html
archivedate= 2006-12-30 | doi = | accessdate = 2008-06-15] There are more than 200 miles (320 km) of
title = Bicycle Network Facilities
work = Commuting and Resources
publisher = SF Municipal Transportation Authority
date = 2008-05-12
url = http://www.sfmta.com/cms/bcomm/3180.html
accessdate = 2008-06-15] and the Embarcadero and
last = Hübler | first = Eric
title = The Fittest and Fattest Cities in America
work = Men's Fitness | publisher = American Media, Inc
date = 2008 | url = http://www.mensfitness.com/city_rankings/454
accessdate = 2008-06-15] 
thumb|right|Alcatraz receives 1.5 million visitors per year. [cite news
last = Gonzales | first = Richard
title = New Parts of Alcatraz Revealed to Public
work = People and Places | publisher = National Public Radio
date = 2006-05-22 | url = http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9977965
accessdate = 2008-06-15]
last = Finz | first = Stacy
title = Rice-a-Redux After a 7-year hiatus, it's billed once again as the San Francisco treat
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = A-1
publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 2006-07-16
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/07/16/MNGTUK06P31.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-15] was said to be the favorite treat. San Francisco attracts the fourth-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the U.S.update after|2009|06|01cite web
title = Overseas Visitation Estimates for U.S. States, Cities, and Census Regions: 2007
work = International Visitation in the United States
publisher = US Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, US Department of Commerce
date = 2008-05-27
url = http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/outreachpages/download_data_table/2007_States_and_Cities.pdf
format = PDF | accessdate = 2008-06-15] and claims
title = Sights in San Francisco
publisher = City and County of San Francisco
url = http://www.sfgov.org/site/mainpages_page.asp?id=18191
accessdate = 2006-09-14] More than 16 million visitors arrived in San Francisco in 2007, injecting nearly $8.2 billion into the economy—both all-time high figures for the city.cite news
last = Raine | first = George
title = Visitors to S.F. in 2007 set record for spending
publisher = San Francisco Chronicle | page = A-1
date = 2008-05-30
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/30/MNQ51106T1.DTL&hw=tourism+dollars&sn=004&sc=434 | accessdate = 2008-06-15] With a large hotel infrastructure and a world-class convention facility in the
last = Spain | first = William
title = Cost factors: Top convention cities boast most-affordable lodging
work = CBS Marketwatch | publisher = Marketwatch Inc
date = 2004-11-13 | url = http://www.marketwatch.com/News/Story/Story.aspx?guid=%7B708E799D-2F2A-4AE8-9814-096BDF4F98DA%7D&siteid=mktw&dist=
accessdate = 2008-06-15]
title = San Francisco: Economy
work = City-Data.com
publisher = Advameg Inc | date = n.d.
url = http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/San-Francisco-Economy.html
accessdate = 2008-06-15] six
title = 2008: Cities
work = Fortune 500 | publisher = Fortune magazine, Time Inc
date = 2008-05-05 | url = http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/cities/
accessdate = 2008-06-15] and a large support infrastructure of professional services—including law, public relations, architecture and design—also with significant presence in the city, San Francisco is designated as one of the ten Beta World Cities. [cite web
last = Beaverstock
first = J.V.
coauthors = R.G. Smith & P.J. Taylor
title = Research Bulletin 5: A Roster of World Cities
work = Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network
publisher = Geography Department, Loughborough University
date = 1999-07-28
url = http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb5.html
format = HTML
accessdate = 2008-06-26] The city ranks fifteenth in the world's
last = Selna | first = Robert
title = New jobs, houses spur S.F. population in 2007
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = B-1
publisher = Hearst Communications | date = 2008-05-15
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/15/BA2110LPHB.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-15] San Francisco has been positioning itself as a
title = San Francisco is gateway city for immigrants and Silicon Valley Technology
work = Fogcityjournal.com | date = 2006-04-12
url = http://www.fogcityjournal.com/news_in_brief/sf_tech_gateway_060412.shtml
accessdate = 2008-06-15] The number of San Franciscans employed by firms of more than 1,000 employees has fallen by half since 1977. City government has made it intentionally difficult for national
url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/03/24/BAGD65PVI821.DTL
author=Hetter, Katia
date=2004-03-21
title=Supervisors OK limits on chain-store expansion
accessdate=2007-01-19
publisher=San Francisco Chronicle] an effort affirmed by San Francisco voters. [cite web
url=http://smartvoter.org/2006/11/07/ca/sf/meas/G/
title=Proposition G: Limitations on Formula Retail Stores, City of San Francisco
accessdate=2007-01-19
publisher=smartvoter.org]
name = Representation
title = Representation
header1 =
label1 = 8th U.S. House district
data1 =
header2 =
label2 = 12th U.S. House district
data2 =
header3 =
label3 = 3rd Senate District
data3 =
header4 =
label4 = 8th Senate District
data4 =
header5 =
label5 = 12thAssembly District
data5 =
header6 =
label6 = 13th Assembly District
data6 =
below = San Francisco is a
last = Coy
first = Owen Cochran
title = Guide to the County Archives of California
publisher = California Historical Survey Commission
date = 1919
location = Sacramento, California
page = p. 409] It is the only such consolidation in California.cite web |url=http://www.sfgov.org/site/sf311_index.asp?id=55765 |title=Board of Supervisors - Does San Francisco have a City Council? |accessdate=2008-06-16 |work=SFGov SF311] The mayor is also the county executive, and the county Board of Supervisors acts as the
[
thumb|left|
title=Board of Supervisors District Information
url=http://www.sfgov.org/site/bdsupvrs_index.asp?id=4385
publisher = City and County of San Francisco, Board of Supervisors
accessdate = 2006-01-29] If the mayor dies or resigns, the President of the Board of Supervisors assumes the office, as
url=http://www.kff.org/uninsured/upload/7760.pdf
title=Key Facts: Healthy San Francisco
accessdate=2008-03-14
year=2008 | month=March
publisher=Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured] The municipal budget for fiscal year 2007–2008 was just over $6 billion. [cite news
first=Cecilia
last=Vega
title=Newsom signs the city's largest budget
url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/07/28/BAGAOR8Q591.DTL
publisher=San Francisco Chronicle
date=2007-07-28
accessdate=2008-03-15] The federal government utilizes San Francisco as the regional hub for many arms of the federal bureaucracy, including the U.S. Court of Appeals, the Federal Reserve Bank, and the U.S. Mint. Until decommissioning in the early 1990s, the city had three major military installations—the Presidio, Treasure Island, and Hunters Point—a legacy still reflected in the annual celebration of
url=http://www.yellowpages.com/sp/yellowpages/ypresults.jsp?t=0&v=3&s=2&p=1&q=Consulates&ci=san+francisco&st=CA&q=Consulates
title=Search for consulates in San Francisco, CA
accessdate=2006-08-27
publisher=Yellowpages.com]
title=Care Not Cash
publisher=
date=2005-04-05
url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/economy/jan-june05/homeless_4-8.html
accessdate=2007-09-06] [cite web
last=Pratt
first=Timothy
title=Critics say regional plan won't solve the problem
publisher="Las Vegas Sun"
date=2006-08-12
url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2005/aug/12/critics-say-regional-plan-wont-solve-the-problem/
accessdate=2006-08-30]
title = The Oldest Public High School West of the Mississippi
work = About Lowell: Lowell History | publisher = San Francisco Unified School District
date = 2002-02-22
url = http://www.sfusd.edu/schwww/sch697/about/history/
accessdate = 2008-06-16] and the smaller School of the Arts High School are two of San Francisco's
last = Knight | first = Heather
title = Many reluctantly chose private schools
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = A-1
publisher = Hearst Communications | date = 2006-05-31
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/31/MNGJIJ50T41.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-16] Nearly 40 of those schools are
title = School Directory August 2007
publisher = Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco
date = 2007-08-14
url = http://www.sfcatholicschools.org/school_directories/Directory_School_07-08.pdf
format = PDF | accessdate = 2008-06-16 [http://www.sfcatholicschools.org/school_directories/schooldirectories.htm School Directory] Archdiocese of San Francisco, Department of Catholic Schools. Retrieved on August 27, 2006.]
last = Gordon | first = Rachel
title = Boulevard of dreams, the premiere
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = B-1
publisher = Hearst Communications
date = 2005-09-08
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/09/08/BAGBFEJVE21.DTL
accessdate = 2008-06-16] San Francisco is one of the few American cities that has opted for European-style
last = Wood | first = Daniel B
title = Bicyclists winning a war of lanes in San Francisco
work = Christian Science Monitor | publisher = Church of Christ, Scientist
date = 2006-09-12 | url = http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0912/p01s01-ussc.html
accessdate = 2008-06-16] There are convert|68|mi|km|0 of bicycle lanes and paths throughout the city.cite web
title = Bicycle Network Facilities
publisher = San Francisco Municipal Transporation Agency
date = 2008-05-12 | url = http://www.sfmta.com/cms/bcomm/3180.html
accessdate = 2008-06-16]
title = Bay Area Traveler: Transportation Information
work = SF Gate.com
publisher = Hearst Communications Inc
year = 2007 | month = March
url = http://www.sfgate.com/traveler/guide/transportation/publictrans.shtml
accessdate = 2008-06-16] Additionally, Muni runs the highly visible F Market historic streetcar line, which runs on surface streets from Castro Street to Fisherman's Wharf (through Market Street), and the iconic
title = Report on San Francisco's Cable Cars
publisher = San Francisco Beautiful
year = 2007 | month = May
url = http://www.sfbeautiful.org/images/press/5.07.Cable%20Car%20Report.pdf | format = PDF
accessdate = 2008-06-16]
last = Young | first = Eric
title = Pact keeps United from flying away
work = San Francisco Business Times | publisher = American City Business Journals
date = 2004-04-02 | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2004/04/05/story1.html
accessdate = 2008-06-16] and the decision by
last = Raine | first = George
title = Taking to the air: Low-fare startup Virgin America says it has the funding to fly
work = San Francisco Chronicle | page = C-1 | publisher = Hearst Communications Inc
date = 2005-12-09
url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/12/09/VIRGIN.TMP
accessdate = 2008-06-16] reverses the trend of
publisher = San Francisco International Airport
year = 2007 | month = May
url = http://www.flysfo.com/web/export/sites/default/download/about/news/pressres/fact-sheet/pdf/International_Terminal_Fact_Sheet.pdf
format = PDF | accessdate = 2008-06-16] The airport is built on a landfill extension into the
title = Passenger Trafic 2006 Final | publisher = Airports Council International
date = 2008-03-12 | url = http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55-4777_666_2__
accessdate = 2008-06-16]
*
*
last = De La Perouse
first = Jean Francois
coauthors = Yamane, Linda Gonsalves; Margolin, Malcolm
title = Life in a California Mission: Monterey in 1786: The Journals of Jean Francois De La Perouse
year=1989
publisher=Heyday Books
id = ISBN 0-930588-39-8
*cite book
last = Hansen
first = Gladys
title = San Francisco Almanac: Everything you want to know about the city
publisher = Chronicle Books
date = 1995
location =
id = ISBN 0-8118-0841-6
*cite journal
last = London
first = Jack
title = The Story of an Eyewitness by Jack London
journal = Collier's, The National Weekly
date = May 5, 1906
*cite book
last = Richards
first = Rand
title = Historic San Francisco: A Concise History and Guide
publisher = Heritage House
date = 1991
location =
id = ISBN 1-879367-00-9
*cite book
last = Ungaretti
first = Lorri
title = San Francisco's Richmond District
publisher = Arcadia Publishing
date = 2005
location =
id = ISBN 0-7385-3053-0
*cite book | author=Wiley, Peter Booth | title=National trust guide San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year=2000 | id=ISBN 0-471-19120-5
*cite book | author=Bronson, William | title=The Earth Shook, the Sky Burned | publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-8118-5047-1
*cite book | year= 1987 | publisher=Square Books | title=Spanning the Gate | author=Cassady, Stephen | id=ISBN 0-916290-36-0
*cite book | year= 1998 | publisher=Celestial Arts (Reissue edition) | title=High Steel: Building the Bridges Across San Francisco Bay | author=Dillon, Richard H. | id=ISBN 0-88029-428-0
* cite book | title=Literary San Francisco: A pictorial history from its beginnings to the present day | author=Ferlinghetti, Lawrence | id=ISBN 0-06-250325-1 | year=1980 | publisher=Harper & Row
*cite book | year=2002 | publisher=University of California Press | title=City for Sale: The Transformation of San Francisco | author=Hartman, Chester | id=ISBN 0-520-08605-8
* cite book | title=Rush for Riches: Gold Fever and the Making of California | author=Holliday, J. S. | id = ISBN 0-520-21402-1 | year=1999 | publisher=University of California Press
*cite book | year= 1997 | publisher=University of Illinois Press | title=San Francisco, 1846–1856: From Hamlet to City | author=Lotchin, Roger W. | id=ISBN 0-252-06631-6
*cite book | year= 1981 | publisher=Heydey Books | title=The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in the San Francisco-Monterey Bay Area | author=Margolin, Malcolm | id=ISBN 0-930588-01-0
*cite book | year= 1971 | publisher=Stein and Day | title=The San Francisco Earthquake | author=Thomas, Gordon and Witts, Max Morgan| id=ISBN 0-8128-1360-X
* [http://www.sfgov.org/ Official website for the City and County of San Francisco]
*wikitravelpar|San Francisco
* [http://www.sfmuseum.org/ Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco]