Dipeptide

Dipeptide
Glycylglycine

A dipeptide is a molecule consisting of two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond.

Dipeptides are produced from polypeptides by the action of the hydrolase enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase. Dietary proteins are digested to dipeptides and amino acids, and the dipeptides are absorbed more rapidly than the amino acids, because their uptake involves a separate mechanism. Dipeptides activate G-cells found in the stomach to secrete gastrin.

The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis for the preparation of dipeptides.[1][2]

Contents

Examples of dipeptides

  • Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues.
  • Anserine (beta-alanyl-N-methyl histidine) is found in the skeletal muscle and brain of mammals.
  • Homoanserine (N-(4-aminobutyryl)-L-histidine) is another dipeptide identified in the brain and muscles of mammals.
  • Kyotorphin (L-tyrosyl-L-arginine) is a neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain.
  • Balenine (or ophidine) (beta-alanyl-N tau-methyl histidine) has been identified in the muscles of several species of mammal (including man), and the chicken.
  • Aspartame (N-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester) is an artificial sweetener.
  • Glorin (N-propionyl-γ-L-glutamyl-L-ornithine-δ-lac ethyl ester) is a chemotactic dipeptide for the slime-mould Polysphondylium violaceum.
  • Barettin (cyclo-[(6-bromo-8-en-tryptophan)-arginine]) is a cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge Geodia barretti.
  • Pseudoproline
  • Glycylglycine

See also

References

  1. ^ M. Bergmann et al., Ann. 449, 277 (1926)
  2. ^ drugfuture.com Link

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • dipeptide — ● dipeptide nom masculin Nom générique des amides provenant de la condensation de deux acides aminés. dipeptide [dipɛptid] n. m. ÉTYM. 1905, in Rev. gén. des sc., no 11, p. 540; de di , et peptide. ❖ ♦ Chim., biol. Substance composée de deux… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Dipeptide —   [griechisch], aus zwei Aminosäuren gebildete Peptide …   Universal-Lexikon

  • dipeptide — DIPEPTÍDE s. f. pl. produşi din unirea a doi aminoacizi care conţin un grup peptidic. (< fr. dipeptides) Trimis de raduborza, 15.09.2007. Sursa: MDN …   Dicționar Român

  • Dipeptide — Un dipeptide est une molécule constituée de deux acides aminés liés par une liaison peptidique. Les dipeptides sont produits à partir de polypeptides, par action d une enzyme de typehydrolase, la dipeptidyl peptidase. Les protéines alimentaire… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Dipeptide — Dipeptid (Beispiel: Ser Ala) mit der N terminalen Aminosäure L Serin (links) und der blau markierten C terminalen Aminosäure L Alanin (rechts). Ein Dipeptid ist eine chemische Verbindung, die aus zwei Aminosäureresten zusa …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • dipeptide — dipeptidas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Peptidas, susidedantis iš dviejų aminorūgščių liekanų. atitikmenys: angl. dipeptide rus. дипептид …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • dipeptide — noun Date: 1903 a peptide that yields two molecules of amino acid on hydrolysis …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • dipeptide — /di pep tuyd, duy /, n. Biochem. a peptide that yields two amino acids on hydrolysis. [1900 05; DI 1 + PEPTIDE] * * * …   Universalium

  • dipeptide — noun An organic compound formed from two amino acids joined by a peptide bond …   Wiktionary

  • dipeptide — A combination of two amino acid s by means of a peptide (–CO–NH–) link. * * * di·pep·tide ( )dī pep .tīd n a peptide that yields two molecules of amino acid on hydrolysis * * * n. a compound consisting of two amino acids joined together by a… …   Medical dictionary

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