NZR KB class

NZR KB class
Power type	Steam
Builder	NZR Hillside Workshops, Dunedin
Build date	1939
Configuration	4-8-4
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Wheel diameter	54 in (1.37 m)
Wheelbase	34 ft 10 in (10.6 m)
Length	69 ft 8 in (21.2 m)
Width	8 ft 6 in (2.6 m)
Height	11 ft 6 in (3.5 m)
Weight on drivers	56.0 long tons (56.9 t)
Locomotive weight	94.8 long tons (96.3 t)
Tender weight	52.9 long tons (53.7 t)
Locomotive & tender combined weight	147.7 long tons (150.1 t)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	7.5 long tons (7.6 t)
Water capacity	5,000 imp gal (23,000 L)
Boiler pressure	200 psi (1,400 kPa)
Feedwater heater	ACFI
Firegrate area	47.7 square feet (4.4 m2)
Heating surface: Total	1,984 square feet (184.3 m2)
Superheater area	485 square feet (45.1 m2)
Cylinders	2 driving 2 booster
Cylinder size	20 × 26 in (51 × 66 cm)
Power output	1,400 hp (1,000 kW)
Tractive effort	30,815 lbf (137.07 kN) 36,815 lbf (163.76 kN) with booster
Number in class	6
Number	965 - 970
Locale	South Island of New Zealand, mainly the Midland line
First run	1939 - 1940
Last run	December 1968
Retired	1967 - 1969
Current owner	Mainline Steam
Disposition	Withdrawn; 1 preserved

The NZR K^B class of 1939 was a class of mixed traffic steam locomotives that operated on New Zealand's railway network. They were built by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) after the success of the K class to meet the increasing traffic demands on the Midland Line in the South Island. The locomotives had a wheel arrangement of 4-8-4 and first appeared with distinctive streamlining, mainly to hide their ACFI feedwater systems.

History

Following the success of the K class in the North Island, there was a need for similar locomotives to operate the Midland Line, primarily between Springfield and Arthur's Pass. These new locomotives incorporated a number of improvements upon the K class, including a re-designed plate frame to eliminate cracking issues the K class experienced; roller bearings on all wheels; hydrostatic lubrication throughout; and the inclusion of the ACFI feedwater system that had been pioneered on K 919. The ACFI equipment's aesthetic appearance had been criticised, hence the K^B and contemporary K^A classes were both fitted with shrouding to obscure it.

The K^B class were technically very similar to the K^A class, but were distinguished by the inclusion of a booster on the rear axle of the trailing bogie and Nicholson thermic syphons in the firebox. The use of the booster, first proposed for the K class in 1932, was mainly due to steeper gradients and heavy freight trains on the Midland Line, especially Cass bank. Additional piping and sanding equipment for the booster gave the K^B a slightly different appearance to the K^A. The booster was intended solely for use at low speed, and some class members ultimately had the booster removed due to problems such as jamming in gear, reducing the locomotive's top speed.

Building of the locomotives commenced in 1939. Construction and assembly took place at NZR's Hillside Workshops. The first of the six member class was produced before the first of the K^A class then under construction at Hutt Workshops. All of the class were in service by 1940.

In service

As intended, the K^B class were based solely in the South Island and performed most of their work hauling freight trains on the Midland Line. However, during the Second World War, they were also used on the Main South Line.

While the aesthetic shrouding cleaned up the appearance of the locomotives, it was open at the top and gathered soot and dust which affected the working environment in the cab. After the war, the aesthetic shrouding was removed from the locomotives and the ACFI feedwater system was replaced with an exhaust steam injector.

Although the K and K^A classes were converted to burn oil at the time, the K^Bs remained as coal burners due to the availability of high grade West Coast coal.

Withdrawal and disposal

From the mid-1950s, dieselisation impacted the utilisation of the K^B class. This became especially pronounced in the 1960s, and the introduction of the DJ class in 1968 brought about their ultimate demise. As they were displaced from duties in the late 1960s, some members were used on the Main South Line, including hauling the South Island Limited.

The first withdrawals were K^Bs 966 and 969 in October 1967; both were cut up for scrap. K^B 969 was withdrawn after hauling the only ever double-headed K^B train, having suffered a cracked motion bracket. Before it was sent to the breakers' yard, it was incribed with a message reading "Goodbye Kb 969, you'll come back as roofing iron".^[1]

K^B 967 was withdrawn in October 1968. This left only three K^B's in service (965, 968 and 970), and of those, only 968 was serviceable; the remaining two were withdrawn by March 1969. 968 made its last journey on 22 June 1969, hauling a railway enthusiast's excursion from Christchurch to Arthur's Pass and return.

Preservation

NZR donated members of the K and K^A classes for preservation, but due to the considerable technical similarities, it chose not to donate a K^B. Instead, enthusiasts had to purchase one at the scrap market rate of NZ$1500 (equal to $22,200 in December 2008 dollars^[2]). K^B 968 was supposed to be cut up the week following its last excursion, but a collection on the return journey was sufficient to temporarily save the locomotive.^[1] Retired school teacher Cyril Evans raised the rest of the $1500 by showing railway films to Christchurch school children and collecting their donations. The locomotive was then vested into the Ferrymead Trust on behalf of the children of Canterbury and was displayed for a number of decades at the Ferrymead Railway. It is currently under restoration to main line operating condition at Mainline Steam's Christchurch depot.

List of locomotives

Key:	In service	Out of service	Auckland Transport service	Preserved	Overhaul	Scrapped

Number	Builder	Introduced[3]	Withdrawn [3]	Notes
965	NZR Hillside	01939-06 June 1939	01969-03 March 1969
966	NZR Hillside	01939-08 August 1939	01967-10 October 1967
967	NZR Hillside	01939-09 September 1939	01968-10 October 1968
968	NZR Hillside	01939-10 October 1939	01969-03 March 1969	Preserved by Ferrymead Trust; leased to Mainline Steam; currently under restoration.
969	NZR Hillside	01939-12 December 1939	01967-10 October 1967
970	NZR Hillside	01940-01 January 1940	01969-03 March 1969

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Sinclair, Roy (1987). Rail - The Great New Zealand Adventure. Wellington, New Zealand: Grantham House Publishing. pp. 140–145. ISBN 9781869340131. 
2. ^ "New Zealand CPI Inflation Calculator - Reserve Bank of New Zealand". http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/statistics/0135595.html. Retrieved 2009-03-27. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Kb Class 4-8-2 Register". http://www.trainweb.org/nzsteam/kb_reg.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-29. 

External links

• New Zealand Steam Locomotives - K^B class