Вы можете отметить интересные вам фрагменты текста, которые будут доступны по уникальной ссылке в адресной строке браузера.


Emphatic consonant

Emphatic consonant

Emphatic consonant is a term widely used in Semitic linguistics to describe one of a series of obstruent consonants which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents. In specific Semitic languages the members of this series may be realized as pharyngealized, velarized, ejective, or plain voiced or voiceless consonants. It is also used, to a lesser extent, to describe cognate series in other Afro-Asiatic languages, where they are typically realized as either ejective or implosive consonants. In Semitic studies they are commonly transcribed using the convention of placing a dot under the closest plain obstruent consonant in the Latin alphabet. With respect to particular Semitic and Afro-Asiatic languages this term has come to be used more specifically to describe the particular phonetic feature which distinguishes these consonants from other consonants. Thus in Arabic emphasis is synonymous with a secondary articulation involving retraction of the dorsum or root of the tongue, which has variously been described as velarization, or pharyngealization depending on where the locus of the retraction is assumed to be. Within Arabic, the emphatic consonants have been reported as varying in phonetic realization from dialect to dialect, but are typically realized as pharyngealized consonants. In Ethiopian and Modern South Arabian languages, they are realized as ejective consonants. While these sounds do not necessarily share any particular "phonetic" properties in common, historically most derive from a common source.

Five such "emphatic" phonemes are reconstructed for Proto-Semitic:
*a dental plosive transl|sem|ṭ (= [IPA|t’] ), see Teth
*an interdental fricative transl|sem|ṱ (= [IPA|θ’] ), see Tsade, transl|sem|Ẓāʼ
*an alveolar fricative or affricate transl|sem|ṣ (= [IPA|(t)s’] ), see Tsade
*a lateral fricative or affricate transl|sem|ṣ́ (= [IPA|(t)ɬ’] ), see Tsade, transl|sem|Ḍād
*a velar or uvular plosive transl|sem|ḳ (= [IPA|k’] or [IPA|q’] ), see Qoph

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

  
Share  

Look at other dictionaries:

  • emphatic — 1. adjective /ɪmˈfætɪk/ a) Characterized by emphasis. He gave me an emphatic no when I asked him out. b) Stated with conviction. See Also: emphasis, emphasise, emphasize 2 …   Wiktionary

  • emphatic — emphatically, adv. emphaticalness, n. /em fat ik/, adj. 1. uttered, or to be uttered, with emphasis; strongly expressive. 2. using emphasis in speech or action. 3. forceful; insistent: a big, emphatic man; I must be emphatic about this particular …   Universalium

  • Moroccan Arabic — مغربي Maġribi Pronunciation [mɑɣribi] Spoken in Morocco Native speakers 21 million  (1995) …   Wikipedia

  • Arabic language — Arabic redirects here. For other uses, see Arabic (disambiguation). For the literary standard, see Modern Standard Arabic. For vernaculars, see varieties of Arabic. For others, see Arabic languages. Arabic العربية/عربي/عربى al ʿarabiyyah/ʿarabī …   Wikipedia

  • Varieties of Arabic — For the historical family of dialects, see Arabic languages. Different dialects of Arabic in the Arab world The Arabic language is a Semitic language characterized by a wide number of linguistic varieties within its five regional forms. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Mark Radcliffe — This article is about the radio presenter. For the Wisconsin politician, see Mark Radcliffe (Wisconsin politician). Mark Radcliffe Radcliffe as DJ Mahone at the Cropredy music festival 2008 Born 29 June 1958 ( …   Wikipedia

  • Egyptian Arabic — Masri redirects here. For other uses, see Masri (disambiguation). Egyptian Arabic اللغة المصرية العامية Pronunciation [elˈloɣæ l.mɑsˤˈɾejjɑ l.ʕæmˈmejjæ] Spoken in Egypt …   Wikipedia

  • Modern Hebrew phonology — Main article: Hebrew language For assistance with IPA transcriptions of Hebrew for Wikipedia articles, see WP:IPA for Hebrew. This article is about the phonology of the Hebrew language based on the Israeli dialect. It deals with current phonology …   Wikipedia

  • Colloquial Welsh morphology — The morphology of the Welsh language shows many characteristics perhaps unfamiliar to speakers of English or continental European languages like French or German, but has much in common with the other modern Insular Celtic languages: Irish,… …   Wikipedia

  • Aramaic language — Not to be confused with the Amharic language. For the people, see Aramaeans. Aramaic Arāmît Pronunciation [arɑmiθ], [arɑmit], [ɑrɑmɑjɑ], [ɔrɔmɔjɔ] Spoken in Ir …   Wikipedia