Teusaquillo

Teusaquillo is the 13th locality of Bogotá, capital of Colombia. It is located in the geographic center of the city, to the northwest of downtown. It is an urbanized locality with several green zones in its parks, avenues, and the campus of the National University of Colombia. It is located on the former sight of an indigenous reserve known as Pueblo Viejo ("Old Village"), which existed until urbanization in the 20th century.

General information

Area

The total area of the locality is 14.19 square kilometres, making the locality at 11th of 20 in terms of size.

Borders

"North": Calle 63, with the locality of Barrios Unidos
"South": Diagonal 22, Avenida El Dorado, and Avenida de Las Américas, with the localities of Los Mártires and Puente Aranda
"East": Avenida Caracas, with the localities of Chapinero and Santafé
"West": Avenida Carrera 68, with the localities of Engativá and Fontibón.

Hydrology

The locality is located in the Salitre and Fucha river basins. The Simón Bolívar park system also includes several large lakes. Teusaquillo is also crossed by various canals, which form part of the rainwater-management system of Bogotá. They are extensions of streams that start in the eastern mountains.

Salitre River system:
* Canal Arzobispo: An extension of the Arzobispo River which runs through the locality until Carrera 30, at which point it continues as the El Salitre Canal.
* Canal El Salitre: From Carrera 30, it runs in front of the National University campus, passing Estadio El Campín until Calle 63, where it enters the locality of Barrios Unidos.

Fucha River system:
* San Francisco Canal, which is an extension of the river of the same name, crosses the locality underground until Carrera 50.

Topography

Teusaquillo is relatively flat due to its location on the savannah of Bogotá. It slopes slightly to the northwest.

History

Pre-Columbian, colonial, and post-colonial

The name Teusaquillo, like the name of Bogotá itself, dates to pre-Columbian times. Similar to the city, the name corresponded to a different location that is located near to the present-day municipality of Funza. That, in turn, was known as Bacata and was the capital of the Chibcha Empire. Within that kingdom was Teivzaquillo, the summer home of the Zipa—the leader of the Muiscas of Bacata.

Located in the foothills of the Cordillera Oriental, it was discovered by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. It was conquered by the Spanish who founded the town of Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza on August 6, 1538, located in present-day La Candelaria. It was renamed Santafé in 1539 and was made the capital of Nueva Granada. At that time, the name Teivzaquillo fell out of use.

During the post-colonial period, the locality remained a rural area with a largely agrarian economy. It was known as Pueblo Viejo.

Modern times

On September 7, 1902, Football Club opened the city's first football field in the Pueblo Viejo area and named it Teusaquillo, a Spanish translation of Teivzaquillo, as an homage to the indigenous Chibcha people who had lived in the area. That field saw the first game between Colombian football teams, the Red Team and the White Team—both belonging to Footbal Club. The following year, another field was built and named Marly. The area quickly became the capital city's football destination.

It was not until the 1920s that large-scale urbanization took place north of the Santa Fe neighborhood. As neighborhoods were constructed between Santa Fe and the still-small village of Chapinero, it was decided the area should be named Teusaquilo. The naming occurred in 1927 and the neighborhood quickly became on of the more modern and elegant of the era; a symbol of the city's flourishing after its fourth century of existence.

The neighborhood saw new architectural tendencies, especially the English Victorian style. Many of these buildings exist to the present day. It was considered the most fashionable neighborhood in Bogotá, a title that was passed to the Chicó neighborhood around 1985. Many notable Colombians lived there during its prime, including Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Enrique Santos Montejo, Laureano Gómez, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, and Mariano Ospina Pérez

Construction on the National University began in May of 1937 and was completed in 1945. In 1938, construction of El Campín football stadium was begun on land donated by Luis Camacho Matiz. It was reconstructed in 1951 to hold 40,000 and is the current home of the city's Millonarios and Independiente Santa Fe football clubs. Also in 1938, the area played host to the Bolivariano Games.

In 1961, work began on Simón Bolívar park. Included in the park land are several recreational centers, including a covered colesseum, a tennis center, and a smaller football stadium.

In 1972, the Special District of Bogotá was formed out of the Cundinamarca department and the city was split into 16 localities. The Teusaquillo neighborhood and its surroundings were named the 13th zone of the capital city and its official borders were set.

With the visit of Pope John Paul II in 1986, a national shrine was built near the site of Pope Paul VI's 1968 visit to Colombia. These two visits make the locality the place most-visited by the papacy in all of Colombia.

The Special District of Bogotá became the Capital District with the ratification of the constitution of 1991. Teusaquillo was made a locality as part of this transition.

Today

El Campín Stadium was remodled again in 2000 for the World Cup qualifers and the 2001 Copa América. It was expanded to hold 48,310 spectators.

Additions were also made to Simón Bolívar Park, including:

* A large-events area with room for 150,000 spectators— the largest in the country.

* The Virgilio Barco Mega-library, one of the largest in the city, built in 1999

* The Simón Bolívar Aquatics Complex, opened in 2004 for the National Games. It has capacity for 4,000 and is one of the most modern in South America, with an Olympic-sized pool.

Teusaqillo was briefly a center of relocation for demobilized members of the [United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia] , who were given a living stipend and placed in several unoccupied houses throughout the eastern part of the locality. This led to concern from the residents of the largely middle-class, residential area, and confrontations between the largely unemployed former fighters and their neighbors. After a [http://www.lanacionlatina.com/index.php?idcategoria=907 bomb was set off] on July 15, 2005 in front of one of these houses, injuring three residents, the program was ended and the ex-paramilitaries moved to other locations.

Population

In the census of 1973, Teusaquillo had 127,521 inhabitants. Growth was slow over the next decade, and by 1985 the number was 132,501. By the time of the 1993 census, the population had dropped to 126,125 people, but the 1990s saw a population boom to 149,189. As of 2005, the locality was home to 157,884, making up 2.5% of the total urban population of the city.

Economy

While primarily a residential area, the locality has various commercial centers focusing on services and entertainment. The government and education sectors are among the largest employers in the area.

Transportation

The locality is served by the following major roads: Avenida Carrera 68, Calle 63, Diagonal 53, Carrera 24, Avenida El Dorado, Avenida NQS, and Avenida Caracas. All of these routes are well served by various fleets of private busses that run throughout all of the city.

It has two major bridges: one over NQS at Calle 63 and a more complex crossing at Avenida Carrera 68 leading into Engativá. There is also a large traffic circle at the border with Barrios Unidos, on which the Virgilio Barco Library and the Aquatic Complex are located.

The TransMilenio has two lines passing through the locality on Avenida Caracas and Avenida NQS serving nine stations.

The locality has an extensive bike-path network, with over 5 km within Simón Bolívar Park alone. A rail line crosses it and runs along Avenida NQS to the north.

Points of interest

While the major points of interest are Teusaquillo's parks and recreation centers, it is also home to several government departments. Included in these are the National Citizenship Registry ("Registraduria Nacional"), the National Statistics Department ("DANE - Departamento Nacional de Estadíistica), the National Administration Center, the Solicitor General ("Fiscalía General de la Nación), the Ministries of Education and Defense, and the Government of Cundinamarca department.

The Embassy of the United States of America takes up several city blocks of the Quita Paredes neighborhood. One of the top-five US embassies in terms of size, it is an important employer in the area.

Centro Ferial de Convenciones, or CORFERIAS, is the largest exposition center in the country. With a large arch at its entryway, it serves as one of the city's cultural and commercial centers. Its uses include the International Book Fair, artisan expositions, and Bogotá largest polling station during elections.

Teusaquillo's parks are home to several festivals, including November's Rock in the Park festival and August's Summer Festival. The majority of the city's large concerts are held in the locality in three main venues: El Campín, the Sports Palace, and the parks.

Neighborhoods

The most important neighborhoods in the locality are:
Teusaquillo, La Magdalena, La Soledad, Cundinamarca, Palermo, Marly, Galerías, El Campín, Nuevo Campín, Quesada, Belalcázar, Nicolás de Federman, Rafael Nuñez, Ciudad Universitaria, Acevedo Tejada, Quinta Paredes, Centro Antonio Nariño, La Esmeralda, Pablo VI, Quirinal, San Luis, Simón Bolívar, Ortezal, Camavieja, Ciudad Salitre Oriental y CAN (Centro Administrativo Nacional).

The city government splits the locality into six Zonal Planning Units ("Unidades de Planeación Zonal" or "UPZ"). They are as follows, with year 2000 populations:

* La Esmeralda, 35,856

* Galerías, 33,685

* Teusaquillo, 29,162

* Quinta Paredes, 24,316

* Ciudad Salitre Oriental, 23,330

* Parque Central Simón Bolívar, 2,840

UPZ Parque Central is one of three UPZ in which Simón Bolívar is contained. UPZ Parque El Salitre is the portion of the park that lies in the Barrios Unidos locality, and UPZ Jardín Botánico is in Engativá locality.

The neighborhood known as Ciudad Salitre is also made up of three UPZ, with only UPZ Ciudad Salitre Oriental located within Teusaquillo. The western part of this neighborhood is officially part of the Fontibón locality.

External links

* [http://www.teusaquillo.com Teusaquillo Community Portal]
* [http://anote.colnodo.apc.org/sobre_anote.htm Teusaquillo news agency]
* [http://www.terra.com.co/turismo/colombia/bogota_turistica/sectores_historicos_culturales/29-05-2002/nota58704.html-39k- Bogotá Turística Tourism guide]