Yusef Hawkins

Yusef Hawkins (also spelled as Yusuf Hawkins) was a 16-year-old African American youth who was shot to death on August 23, 1989 in Bensonhurst, a working-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Hawkins and three friends were attacked by a crowd of 10 to 30 youths, with at least seven of them wielding baseball bats. One, armed with a handgun, shot Hawkins twice in the chest, killing him. cite news
url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0714FC3E5E0C768EDDA10894D1484D81&showabstract=1
title= Black Youth Is Killed by Whites; Brooklyn Attack Is Called Racial
last= Blumenthal
first= Ralph
date= 1989-08-25
publisher= The New York Times
accessdate= 2007-09-15 ] cite news
url= http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n12_v42/ai_9119701/
title= Cracks in the mosaic - Bensonhurst incident case
author = Lorrin Anderson & William Tucker
date= 1990-06-25
publisher= National Review
accessdate= 2007-09-15 ]

Hawkins had gone to Bensonhurst that night with his three friends to inquire about a used 1982 Pontiac automobile that was for sale. The group's attackers had been lying in wait for black or Hispanic youths they believed were dating a white neighborhood girl. Police later said Hawkins was not involved with the girl.

Hawkins' killing was the third killing of a black man by mobs in New York City during the 1980s; the other two victims being Willie Turks who was killed on June 22, 1982 in Brooklyn and Michael Griffith who was killed in Queens on December 20, 1986. The incident uncorked a torrent of racial tension in and around New York City in the ensuing days and weeks, culminating in a protest march through the neighborhood led by the Reverend Al Sharpton, which almost precipitated a full-scale riot.

Trials

The two men who led the mob that beat and chased Hawkins were tried separately. Joseph Fama, the man who fired the shots that killed Hawkins, was convicted of second-degree murder on May 17, 1990. The other main defendant in the case, Keith Mondello was acquitted on May 18, 1990 on murder and manslaughter charges, but convicted of 12 lesser charges including riot, menacing, discrimination, unlawful imprisonment and criminal possession of a weapon [Kurtz, Howard. "Bensonhurst Ringleader Acquitted on Murder Counts" "The Washington Post" 19 May, 1990, A1.] . The acquittal of Mondello on these serious charges led to further protest marches through Bensonhurst led by Al Sharpton.

entencing

On June 11, 1990 sentences were handed down in the Hawkins case. 19-year old Fama received a sentence of 32 and 1/3 years in prison. Mondello, also 19, received a sentence of 5 1/3 to 16 years in prison [Kurtz, Howard. "Bensonhurst Defendants Receive Maximum Terms" "The Washington Post", 12 June, 1990, A1.] .

Other defendants

Other members of the gang that chased and beat Hawkins were tried as well. John Vento was convicted of unlawful imprisonment and received a sentence of 2 to 8 years in August, 1990 and was released in 1998. A fourth man, Joseph Serrano, was convicted on the charge of unlawfully possessing a weapon and sentenced to 300 hours of community service on January 11, 1991. The acquittal of Vento on a murder charge, and the light sentence handed out to Serrano sparked more protests by the African-American community in Bensonhurst. Before that march was set to begin, on January 12, 1991 Al Sharpton was stabbed and seriously wounded by Michael Riccardi in a Bensonhurst schoolyard. Sharpton later recovered from his wounds.

Release of Mondello

After serving eight years in Attica Correctional Facility, Keith Mondello was released on June 2, 1998, to the dismay of the Hawkins family. On January 22, 1999 Mondello and Hawkins' father, Moses Stewart met in a NY1 television studio, where Mondello apologized for his role in the killing [Associated Press, "2 Sides Meet in '89 Racial Killing" "The New York Times", 22 January 1999, p. B6.] . Stewart died at the age of 48 in 2003. Fama is not eligible for parole until 2022 when he will be a little over 50 years old.

Memorials

*Spike Lee's film "Jungle Fever" is dedicated to the memory of Hawkins, and Hawkins' photograph appears at the beginning of the film.
*A faded mural painted soon after Hawkins' death is still visible on the side of a building on Verona Place in Bedford-Stuyvesant. [ [http://forgotten-ny.com/STREET%20SCENES/fultonbrooklyn2/fultonbedstuy.html ForgottenNY - Mural on Verona Place likely eulogizing 16-year-old Yusuf Hawkins] , accessed September 4, 2006]

External links

* [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1365/is_n8_v22/ai_11875680 For the Color of His Skin: The Murder of Yusef Hawkins and the Trial of Bensonhurst. - book review]
* [http://www.geocities.com/enza003/Via/ViaVol5_2Krase.htm Bensonhurst, Brooklyn: Italian-American Victimizers and Victims]
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0DB113AF933A25752C1A967958260&pagewanted=print 'A Gentle Young Man Who Would Be 16 Forever'] Book review of "For The Color Of His Skin."
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2D8133CF936A25756C0A966958260 Review/Television; Examining the Bensonhurst Killing] Television review of Frontline documentary "Seven Days In Bensonhurst."

References