Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom

Infobox Scientist
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birth_date = (October 24, 1854
birth_place = Alkmaar, Netherlands
death_date = February 8, 1907
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nationality = Dutch
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field = chemistry
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alma_mater = University of Leiden
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known_for = physical chemistry
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influences = J. D. van der Waals J. Willard Gibbs
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H. W. Bakhuis Roozeboom (October 24, 1854 - February 8, 1907) was a Dutch chemist who gained his reputation for works on phase behaviour in physical chemistry.

H. W. Bakhuis Roozeboom (sometimes "Bakhuys") was born in Alkmaar in the Netherlands. Financial difficulties did not allow him to directly pursue a university education, he left school to work in a chemical factory for some time. Due to support from his mentor, J. M. van Bemmelen, he became an assistant at the University of Leiden in 1878 which enabled him to start his academic education there. In 1881 he became a teacher at a girls school and in 1884 he obtained his PhD with works on the hydrates of acids. J. D. van der Waals introduced him to the theoretical works of J. Willard Gibbs on the phase rule which so far had little experimental verification in chemistry, prompting him to start a lifelong research programme on phase equilibria. In 1896, he became professor for chemistry in Amsterdam, where he died in 1907. [J. M. van Bemmelen, W. P. Jorissen, W. E. Ringer, "Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft", 1907, 40, 5141.]

His main work was in the field of thermodynamics, he studied the equilibrium of multiple-phase systems. The theoretical foundations for this were laid by J. Willard Gibbs with his phase rule, but Roozeboom would be the one to apply the theory and demonstrate its usefulness. He is mainly remembered for his melting phase diagrams of metal alloys, i.e. studying how mixtures of metals melt depending on the relative amounts of the components, which is important for metallurgy. He also contributed to the science of chiral substances, he clarified how to distinguish the different types of crystalline racemates and predicted how mixtures of enantiomers behave in a heterogeneous system of solid and solution. [H. W. B. Roozeboom, "Zeitschrift fuer Physikalische Chemie, Stoechiometrie und Verwandtschaftslehre", 1899, 28, 494-517.]

In 1911, the Bakhuys Roozeboom Fund was established in his honour; every four years it awards a gold medal for research on phase theory.

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