Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)

The Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE) was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California between February 20 and December 4 in 1915. Its ostensible purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely seen in the city as an opportunity to showcase its recovery from the 1906 earthquake. The fair was constructed on a 635 acre (2.6 km²) site in San Francisco, along the northern shore now known as the Marina.

The centerpiece was the Tower of Jewels, which rose to 435 feet and was covered with over 100,000 cut glass Novagems. The 3/4 to 2 inch colored "gems" sparkled in sunlight throughout the day and were illuminated by over 50 powerful electrical searchlights at night.

In front of the Tower, the Fountain of Energy flowed at the center of the South Gardens, flanked by the Palace of Horticulture on the west and the Festival Hall to the east. The arch of the Tower served as the gateway to the Court of the Universe, leading to the Court of the Four Seasons to the west and the Court of Abundance to the east. These courts formed the primary exhibit area for the fair, which included the Food Products Palace, the Education and Social Economy Palace, the Agriculture Palace, the Liberal Arts Palace, the Transportation Palace, the Manufacturers Palace, the Mines and Metallurgy Palace, and the Varied Industries Palace. The Machinery Palace, the largest hall, dominated the east end of the central court.

At the west end of central court group was the Palace of Fine Arts. Further west toward the bay down The Avenue of the Nations were national and states' buildings, displaying customs and products unique to the area represented.

At the opposite end of the Fair, near Fort Mason (then an active Naval station, now a center for non-profit organizations) was The Zone, an avenue of popular amusements and concessions stands.

Constructed from temporary materials (primarily "staff", a combination of plaster and burlap fiber), almost all the fair's various buildings and attractions were pulled down in late 1915. Intended to fall into pieces at the close of the fair (reportedly because the architect believed every great city needed ruins), the only surviving building, Bernard Maybeck's Palace of Fine Arts, remained in place, slowly falling into disrepaircite book | last =McCoy | first =Esther | authorlink =Esther McCoy | title =Five California Architects | publisher =Reinhold Publishing Corporation | year =1960 | location =New York | pages =6 | id =ASIN B000I3Z52W] (although the hall used to display painting and sculpture during the Fair was repurposed as a garage for jeeps during World War II). The Palace, including the colonnade with its signature weeping women and rotunda dome, was completely reconstructed in the 1960s and is currently occupied by the Exploratorium, an interactive science museum.

The US Post Office issued a set of four postage stamps to commemorate the exposition, with designs depicting a profile of Vasco Núñez de Balboa(1¢), the Pedro Miguel Locks of the Panama Canal (2¢), the Golden Gate (5¢), and the discovery of San Francisco Bay (10¢). The stamps were first put on sale in 1913, to promote the coming event, and perforated 12, and then reissued in 1914 and 1915, perforated 10. Their prices today range widely; the 2¢ of 1913 is available for under a dollar (USD) in used condition, while an unused 10¢ of 1915 goes for a thousand United States dollars.

Commemorative coins were also issued. The United States Congress authorized the San Francisco Mint (also known as "The Granite Lady") to issue a series of five commemorative coins. Said coins were the 1915S silver Panama-Pacific half dollar and four gold coins. The denominations of the gold coins were 1 dollar, 2½ dollars (quarter eagle), a 50 dollar round coin, and an unusual 50 dollar octagonal coin. Legendary numismatist Farran Zerbe supervised the creation of a series of commemorative medals, an award medal, a souvenir medal, and diplomas.

The half dollar, with a mintage of 27,000, can be purchased in midrange circulated condition for less than $500 as of 2006, but pristine specimens are considerably costlier. The gold $1 with a mintage of 15,000 pieces sells in the same range while $2.50 pieces with a mintage of 6,749 pieces are more expensive, with worn pieces costing in excess of $1,000, while the round and octagonal $50 coins sell for multiple tens of thousands of dollars in any condition. With a mintage of just 483 the round $50 coin has, in fact, the lowest mintage figure of any official U.S. mint issue of the 20th Century. At the Fair these five coins were sold both individually and in framed sets. Not surprisingly, few were purchased. The Pan-Pac coins have the distinction of being the first commemorative coins to bear the motto "In God We Trust", and were also the first commemoratives to be struck at a branch mint. [ [http://www.pdxcoinclub.org/gallery/PanPacHalfDollar/panPacHalf.html 1915 Panama Pacific Exposition Coinage ] ]

Among the exhibits at the Exposition was "C. P. Huntington", the first steam locomotive purchased by Southern Pacific Railroad; the locomotive is now on static display at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento. A telephone line was also established to New York so people across the continent could hear the Pacific Ocean. The Liberty Bell traveled by train on a nationwide tour to and from Pennsylvania to attend the exposition. After that trip, the Liberty Bell returned to Pennsylvania and will not be moved again.cite news |title= Liberty Bell Attracts Crowd in Greenville During 1915 Stop |url= |publisher="Greenville Advocate" |date=July 3, 2007 |accessdate=2007-07-22 ]

Pictures

References

ee also

*"Mabel and Fatty Viewing the World's Fair at San Francisco"
*Golden Gate International Exposition (1939-40 SF World's Fair)

External links

* [http://www.sanfranciscomemories.com/ppie/panamapacific.html The history of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition]
* [http://businessimagegroup.com/sfimages/history/PPIE.html Historical photography of the Panama Pacific International Exposition]
* [http://www.jbmonaco.com/pan_pacific/100.html JB Monaco Panama Pacific International Exposition Photo Gallery]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/panapaciinteexpo00panarich "The Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco, 1915"] (1915). From Internet Archive.
* [http://sfpl.lib.ca.us/librarylocations/sfhistory/ppie/intro.htm Virtual Tour of the Panama Pacific International Exposition] from the History Center at the San Francisco Public Library
* [http://www.digitalcrocker.org/DCG/v/AmCal20thCentury/1940_24.jpg/en Painting of the Palace of Fine Arts] by Exposition exhibitor Colin Campbell Cooper, in the Crocker Art Museum
* [http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/browse/keyword/Panama+Pacific+International+Exposition+1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition photographic collections] , via Calisphere, California Digital Library